{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T16:01:51Z","timestamp":1776960111415,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the standard treatment for moderate to severe hypoxic\u2013ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in developed countries, but data on its safety and efficacy in low-middle-income countries are limited and often conflicting. The impact of enteral feeding during TH remains inadequately explored. We aimed to examine TH\u2019s effects on mortality and brain injury and evaluate the safety and effectiveness of minimal enteral feeding during TH. Here, we report our single-center experience with TH over a 10-year period\u201d. Methods: A total of 187 neonates with moderate to severe HIE who underwent cooling were included in this retrospective study. Post-rewarming MRI scans were scored using a validated MRI scoring system. The primary outcomes were mortality and composite outcomes of mortality and brain injury. Results: The mortality rate was 3% in moderate and 25% in severe cases (p &lt; 0.001). Overall, 85% (160\/187) of neonates received minimal enteral nutrition. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the severity of HIE at admission (OR 3.4 (1.03\u201311.6); p &lt; 0.04) and gestational age (OR: 0.624 (0.442\u20130.882); p &lt; 0.008) were independent predictors of composite outcomes of death and brain injuries. MRI score was a strong predictor of mortality (AUC: 0.89; p &lt; 0.001) and of ability to orally feed at discharge (AUC: 0.73; p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Mortality rates associated with TH in infants with moderate\u2013severe HIE align with those in high-income countries, and minimal enteral feeding during TH is safe. The severity of HIE, MRI scores, and feeding status are important predictors of outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12010023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T19:33:07Z","timestamp":1735241587000},"page":"23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of Therapeutic Hypothermia and Minimal Enteral Nutrition on Short-Term Outcomes in Neonates with Hypoxic\u2013Ischemic Encephalopathy: A 10-Year Experience from Oman"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Manoj","family":"Malviya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Khoula Hospital, Mina Al Fahal, Muscat 116, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7543-707X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sathiya","family":"Murthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oman Medical Speciality Board, Statistics, Al-Athaiba, Muscat 130, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dhanya","family":"Jayaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Khoula Hospital, Mina Al Fahal, Muscat 116, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vidya","family":"Ramdas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Khoula Hospital, Mina Al Fahal, Muscat 116, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fadia","family":"Nazir Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Khoula Hospital, Mina Al Fahal, Muscat 116, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valsala","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Khoula Hospital, Mina Al Fahal, Muscat 116, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nusrabegam","family":"Marikkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Khoula Hospital, Mina Al Fahal, Muscat 116, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mukesh","family":"Talreja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Khoula Hospital, Mina Al Fahal, Muscat 116, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Sial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Khoula Hospital, Mina Al Fahal, Muscat 116, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prakash","family":"Manikoth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces Hospital, Al Khoud, Muscat 112, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renjan","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Khoula Hospital, Mina Al Fahal, Muscat 116, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalsa Ali Al","family":"Al Ramadhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Khoula Hospital, Mina Al Fahal, Muscat 116, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salima","family":"Al Aisry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Khoula Hospital, Mina Al Fahal, Muscat 116, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Said","family":"Al Kindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces Hospital, Al Khoud, Muscat 112, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Al Habsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Khoula Hospital, Mina Al Fahal, Muscat 116, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2585-7508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranjit","family":"Torgalkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kentucky Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munawwar","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Khoula Hospital, Mina Al Fahal, Muscat 116, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al Yahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Khoula Hospital, Mina Al Fahal, Muscat 116, Oman"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.206","article-title":"Intrapartum-related neonatal encephalopathy incidence and impairment at regional and global levels for 2010 with trends from 1990","volume":"74","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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