{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T15:01:36Z","timestamp":1778252496522,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) \u201cA way to make Europe\u201d","award":["FRS-ABC.015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRS-ABC.015"]}]},{"name":"Fondos FEDER, Convocatoria de ayudas a grupos de investigaci\u00f3n para el desarrollo de proyectos de investigaci\u00f3n, desarrollo tecnol\u00f3gico e innovaci\u00f3n en el sector biom\u00e9dico","award":["FRS-ABC.015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRS-ABC.015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Childhood obesity is a major public health concern, being linked to an increased risk of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. Even in childhood, obesity is associated with systemic low-grade inflammation, which is a critical factor in the development of atherosclerosis and a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To describe the prevalence of obesity and examine the relationship between IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, adiponectin, leptin, the leptin\/adiponectin (L\/A) ratio, and Klotho levels with BMI in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study included children aged 10\u201314 years from La Rioja, Spain. Participants were selected based on BMI criteria for overweight (85th\u201395th percentiles) and obesity (&gt;95th percentile). Socio-demographic and anthropometric data and blood samples were collected and analyzed for IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, adiponectin, leptin, and Klotho. Results: A total of 340 participants were included, with 276 (81.2%) classified as normal weight and 64 (18.8%) as overweight or obese. Mean age was similar between groups (p = 0.40). Obesity was more prevalent in males (59.4%, p = 0.048). Obese participants had higher mean birth weight (p = 0.003), current height (p = 0.04), BMI (p &lt; 0.0001), and abdominal circumference (p &lt; 0.0001). BMI correlated positively with leptin (r = 0.54, p = 0.0008) and the L\/A ratio (r = 0.40, p = 0.025), showing sex-specific differences. Conclusions: This study underscores leptin and the L\/A ratio as potential biomarkers of metabolic dysregulation in childhood obesity, particularly in females. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and assess the clinical utility of these biomarkers in pediatric obesity management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12010089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T11:28:31Z","timestamp":1736854111000},"page":"89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cross-Sectional Analysis of IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, Adiponectin, Leptin, and Klotho Serum Levels in Relation to BMI Among Overweight and Obese Children Aged 10\u201314 in La Rioja, Spain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Vallejo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Pediatr\u00eda, Hospital Universitario San Pedro, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Jim\u00e9nez","family":"Monteagudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatr\u00eda de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria, Centro de Salud Espartero, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Isabel L\u00f3pez","family":"Azn\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatr\u00eda de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria, Centro de Salud Guindalera, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda del Carmen Romero","family":"Cobas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Gonzalo de Berceo, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"P\u00e9rez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60460-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980\u20132013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"384","author":"Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362","article-title":"Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years","volume":"377","author":"Collaborators","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. 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