{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:52:21Z","timestamp":1760057541027,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To analyse variations in axial length (AL), corneal radius (CR) and the AL\/CR ratio over one year in eight-year-old schoolchildren, considering sex, ethnicity and refractive error. Methods: Vision screenings were conducted in 16 schools in Terrassa (Barcelona, Spain) with eight-year-old children as part of the CISViT project. Measurements included ocular biometrics (AL and CR) and non-cycloplegic autorefraction for refractive error. Parental questionnaires provided demographic data (birth date, ethnicity). The same procedures were repeated after one year. Results: Ocular biometric parameters differed by sex and ethnicity. Boys and children of Maghreb descent had longer AL and flatter CR than girls and Caucasian children (p &lt; 0.001 for both visits). The AL\/CR ratio was higher in boys than girls (p = 0.002 in the initial visit and p = 0.011 in the follow-up visit) but consistent across ethnicities (p = 0.291 and p = 0.390). AL and AL\/CR ratio differed significantly by refractive error status (p &lt; 0.001 in both visits), increasing in more myopic children, while CR showed no significant difference. In myopic children, the AL\/CR ratio exceeded 3.0, and typical sex-based biometric differences diminished. Growth rates for AL and AL\/CR ratio were similar across sex and ethnicity, indicating minimal demographic influence. Conclusions: AL and CR differ significantly by sex and ethnicity, with demographic differences evident in baseline measurements but not in growth rates over one year. The consistency of the AL\/CR ratio across ethnicities, despite sex-based differences, supports its utility as a reliable metric for assessing refractive development in diverse populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12020221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T04:37:04Z","timestamp":1739335024000},"page":"221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ocular Biometry Distribution and One-Year Growth in Eight-Year-Old Southern European Schoolchildren Under the CISViT Project"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7038-3721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariam El","family":"Gharbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Visi\u00f3 Optometria i Salut, Departament d\u2019\u00d2ptica i Optometria, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain"},{"name":"Centre Universitari de la Visi\u00f3, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8895-966X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Guisasola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visi\u00f3 Optometria i Salut, Departament d\u2019\u00d2ptica i Optometria, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9932-6512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alba","family":"Gald\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visi\u00f3 Optometria i Salut, Departament d\u2019\u00d2ptica i Optometria, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1933-5906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valldeflors","family":"Vinuela-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visi\u00f3 Optometria i Salut, Departament d\u2019\u00d2ptica i Optometria, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain"},{"name":"Centre Universitari de la Visi\u00f3, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4370-3991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan","family":"P\u00e9rez-Corral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visi\u00f3 Optometria i Salut, Departament d\u2019\u00d2ptica i Optometria, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain"},{"name":"Centre Universitari de la Visi\u00f3, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5799-2870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Tom\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visi\u00f3 Optometria i Salut, Departament d\u2019\u00d2ptica i Optometria, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8872-8079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Vila-Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visi\u00f3 Optometria i Salut, Departament d\u2019\u00d2ptica i Optometria, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain"},{"name":"Centre Universitari de la Visi\u00f3, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, 08222 Terrassa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"763","article-title":"Myopie de l\u2019enfant [Myopia in children]","volume":"36","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. 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