{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T21:27:55Z","timestamp":1789421275034,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":220,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Preterm infants represent a population group at increased risk for vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and for its negative impact on various outcomes like metabolic bone disease or rickets, respiratory complications like respiratory distress syndrome and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, or retinopathy of prematurity. Methods: Despite the growing interest in vitamin D research, there is still uncertainty regarding clear recommendations for each high-risk category of premature infants concerning the optimal dosage, optimal product, and timing for initiating vitamin D supplementation to prevent VDD. Results: An analysis of the literature suggests that early intervention for the optimal enteral supplementation of vitamin D is not only successful in achieving higher 25-hydroxi-vitamin D (25(OH)D) at one month but is also linked with improved outcomes. Conclusions: The traditional concepts and current recommendations for assessing vitamin D status and optimal supplementation need to be revised. Since parenteral nutrition, fortified mothers\u2019 own milk, and special formula for preterm infants cannot provide adequate vitamin D levels, initiating oral supplementation soon after birth is essential to correct VDD in preterm infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12030392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T12:23:11Z","timestamp":1742473391000},"page":"392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Vitamin D: What We Know and What We Still Do Not Know About Vitamin D in Preterm Infants\u2014A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8179-6702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana Andrada","family":"Radu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2233-4218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Livia","family":"Ognean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"\u0218tef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5232-7388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doina Ileana","family":"Giurgiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 550245 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2498-5433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Cucerea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9234-6097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Gheonea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e227410","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.7410","article-title":"Safety of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation Among Children Aged 0 to 6 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Brustad","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. 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