{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:55:04Z","timestamp":1791219304950,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003500","name":"University of Padua","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024DNS1DOR-00973"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024DNS1DOR-00973"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Microtia is a congenital outer ear deformity that causes the auricle to be absent or underdeveloped. It is frequently associated with external auditory canal atresia and causes hearing and psychosocial problems. Objectives: We thoroughly investigate the aspects of microtia and explore both current and innovative therapies. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, focusing on microtia and reconstruction methodologies. This review utilized three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: The etiology involves both genetic and environmental factors and can occur as part of a syndrome or as an isolated condition. Clinically, it has esthetic and functional implications, potentially leading to conductive hearing loss. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for treatment, which includes surgical reconstruction using autologous cartilage or synthetic prostheses. Advances in bioengineering and 3D printing offer new, less invasive solutions. Conclusions: This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on microtia, focusing on tissue engineering for auricular reconstruction, identifying research gaps, evaluating techniques, and providing a resource for clinicians to improve decision-making and foster further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12040411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T10:45:08Z","timestamp":1742899508000},"page":"411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Systematic Review on Microtia: Current Knowledge and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7245-5176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Hellies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience-DNS, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1386-0724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Fracaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience-DNS, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8751-0588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gino","family":"Marioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phoniatrics and Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience-DNS, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Trotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience-DNS, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4906-5257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Todesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8212-1484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Casarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4296-3601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Bagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Zanoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neuroscience-DNS, \u201cAzienda Ospedale Universit\u00e0 di Padova\u201d-University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7551-4431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Albertin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience-DNS, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 65, 35122 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3291-8567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Astolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience-DNS, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"768","article-title":"Tissue Engineering Auricular Cartilage: A Review of Auricular Cartilage Characteristics and Current Techniques for Auricular Reconstruction","volume":"35","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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