{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T09:12:15Z","timestamp":1784279535761,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Deep neck space infections (DNSIs) in children, particularly parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal abscesses, pose a significant risk due to their ability to cause airway obstruction. The management of these infections in children differs from that in adults, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, and surgical management of pediatric DNSIs. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on pediatric patients (\u226416 years) diagnosed with deep neck space infections between 2002 and 2022. A total of 266 cases were identified using ICD-10 codes, of which eight patients (3%) had para- or retropharyngeal abscesses. The clinical presentation, imaging modalities, airway management, and surgical approaches were analyzed. Results: Children with parapharyngeal or retropharyngeal abscesses had a mean age of 5.2 years, being significantly younger than those with peritonsillar abscesses (mean age: 13.5 years). The most common symptoms were a high fever (100%) and torticollis (63%). All patients underwent initial ultrasound (US), but a definitive diagnosis required contrast-enhanced CT or MRI. Seven patients (87.5%) underwent surgical drainage, with the decision to perform an incision dictated by the location of the abscess relative to vascular structures. Image-guided navigation facilitated minimally invasive transpharyngeal drainage in four cases. Postoperatively, six patients required prolonged intubation due to airway edema or surgical site management. One patient was successfully managed conservatively with antibiotics. Conclusions: DNSIs in children require prompt diagnosis and a tailored surgical approach. Imaging plays a crucial role in the localization of the abscess, with MRI preferred for detailed soft tissue assessment. Airway management is critical, and minimally invasive, image-guided techniques improve the precision of surgery. Multidisciplinary care optimizes patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12040487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T07:41:51Z","timestamp":1744270911000},"page":"487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Parapharyngeal and Retropharyngeal Abscesses in Children: A Report of Eight Cases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Matic","family":"Glavan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Dreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5931-589X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo\u0161tjan","family":"Lani\u0161nik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska Ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10001-1269","article-title":"Deep Neck Space Infections in Children: Has Anything Changed?","volume":"7","author":"Kavanagh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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