{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T21:49:52Z","timestamp":1782164992240,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014840","name":"The Innovation Committee of the Federal Joint Committee (G-BA)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01VSF17054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01VSF17054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014840","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The aim of our study was to examine the influence of family structure and the number of siblings on psychological problems and illness-related emotions in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the relationship between emotional coping in children and parents. Methods: CEDNA is a nationwide German online and paper-based questionnaire administered between October 2021 and April 2022. Adolescents with IBD, aged 12 to 17 years, and parents of children aged 0 to 17 years with diagnosed IBD, were included. SAS was used for descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis was performed using R Studio (PBC; 2023.06.0 + 421). Results: 1158 participants (450 adolescents and 708 parents) were included in the study. A two-parent household could not be associated with mental illness as a comorbidity in pediatric IBD patients (p = 0.06) but was shown to decrease the risk of sadness (p &lt; 0.001), helplessness (p &lt; 0.01), feeling left alone and lonely (p &lt; 0.05). A single-parent household increased the risk of sadness (p = 0.001), helplessness (p = 0.002), and loneliness (p = 0.006). Having one to two siblings was associated with a lower risk of mental health problems (p = 0.03) and reduced anxiety (p = 0.005). An association was also found between parents and children\u2019s emotional coping skills. Conclusions: Further research on family structure and siblings in pediatric IBD is needed, given the potential impact on children\u2019s psychological well-being.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12050575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T08:28:11Z","timestamp":1746174491000},"page":"575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Family Factors and the Psychological Well-Being of Children and Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease\u2014An Exploratory Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chantal","family":"Hieronymi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Paediatrics and Neonatology, University Children\u2019s Hospital, Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen, Feulgenstr 12, 35392 Gie\u00dfen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalina","family":"Kaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Paediatrics and Neonatology, University Children\u2019s Hospital, Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen, Feulgenstr 12, 35392 Gie\u00dfen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"de Laffolie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Paediatrics and Neonatology, University Children\u2019s Hospital, Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen, Feulgenstr 12, 35392 Gie\u00dfen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3794-9976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burkhard","family":"Brosig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Paediatrics and Neonatology, University Children\u2019s Hospital, Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen, Feulgenstr 12, 35392 Gie\u00dfen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of Cedata-GPGE AG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.12.282","article-title":"Twenty-First Century Trends in the Global Epidemiology of Pediatric-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Systematic Review","volume":"162","author":"Kuenzig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002162","article-title":"Pediatric Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a German Statutory Health INSURANCE\u2014Incidence Rates From 2009 to 2012","volume":"68","author":"Wittig","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2017.10.003","article-title":"Clinical Presentation of Crohn\u2019s, Ulcerative Colitis, and Indeterminate Colitis: Symptoms, Extraintestinal Manifestations, and Disease Phenotypes","volume":"26","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.12148","article-title":"Stigma, Deviance and Morality in Young Adults\u2019 Accounts of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"36","author":"Saunders","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sociol. Health. Illn."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izx100","article-title":"Quality of Life in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses\u2014Part I","volume":"24","author":"Knowles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31822f2c32","article-title":"Psychosocial Functioning and Health-Related Quality of Life in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"53","author":"Ross","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsp120","article-title":"A Meta-Analytic Review of the Psychosocial Adjustment of Youth with Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"35","author":"Greenley","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21002","article-title":"Psychosocial Symptoms and Competence among Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Their Peers","volume":"16","author":"Aronen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13645","article-title":"Systematic Review: Psychological Morbidity in Young People with Inflammatory Bowel Disease\u2014Risk Factors and Impacts","volume":"44","author":"Brooks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.01.058","article-title":"Psychological Factors May Play an Important Role in Pediatric Crohn\u2019s Disease Symptoms and Disability","volume":"184","author":"Claar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-199802000-00002","article-title":"Quality-of-Life Factors in Adolescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"4","author":"MacPhee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cushman, G., Shih, S., and Reed, B. (2020). Parent and Family Functioning in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Children, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/children7100188"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00605.x","article-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Self-Esteem in Adolescence","volume":"97","author":"Lindfred","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2025, April 26). Alleinerziehende\u2014Tabellenband zur Pressekonferenz am 02.08.2018 in Berlin\u2014Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus\u20142017. Available online: https:\/\/www.destatis.de\/DE\/Themen\/Gesellschaft-Umwelt\/Bevoelkerung\/Haushalte-Familien\/Publikationen\/Downloads-Haushalte\/alleinerziehende-tabellenband-5122124179004.html."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-014-1988-2","article-title":"Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Eineltern-, Stief- und Kernfamilien","volume":"57","author":"Rattay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundh. Gesundh."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e318290568a","article-title":"Parenting Stress in Pediatric IBD: Relations with Child Psychopathology, Family Functioning, and Disease Severity","volume":"34","author":"Gray","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2008.00496.x","article-title":"Health-Related Quality of Life in Intensively Treated Young Patients with Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Hanberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.13166","article-title":"Association of Family Structure with Type 1 Diabetes Management and Outcomes in Adolescents: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey","volume":"22","author":"Baechle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-023-02187-9","article-title":"Family Structures and Parents\u2019 Occupational Models: Its Impact on Children\u2019s Diabetes","volume":"61","author":"Schlarb","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2004.00289.x","article-title":"Siblings\u2019 Direct and Indirect Contributions to Child Development","volume":"13","author":"Brody","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-018-0473-z","article-title":"Having Siblings Is Associated with Better Social Functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"47","author":"Nachshon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Child Psychol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.10.007","article-title":"Sibling Relationship Quality and Psychopathology of Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"33","author":"Buist","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2307\/1972763","article-title":"The Only Child in America: Prejudice versus Performance","volume":"7","author":"Blake","year":"1981","journal-title":"Popul. Dev. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.56.6-7.497","article-title":"Number of Siblings and Intellectual Development: The Resource Dilution Explanation","volume":"56","author":"Downey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.1177\/0192513X231220045","article-title":"Number of Siblings and Mental Health Among Adolescents: Evidence From the U.S. and China","volume":"45","author":"Downey","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Fam. Issues"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-018-9959-7","article-title":"The Relationship between Parenting Styles and Fourth Graders\u2019 Levels of Empathy and Aggressiveness","volume":"40","author":"Sak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nap-van der Vlist, M.M., van der Wal, R.C., Grosfeld, E., van de Putte, E.M., Dalmeijer, G.W., Grootenhuis, M.A., van der Ent, C.K., van den Heuvel-Eibrink, M.M., Swart, J.F., and Bodenmann, G. (2021). Parent-Child Dyadic Coping and Quality of Life in Chronically Diseased Children. Front. Psychol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.701540"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsy091","article-title":"Disease Severity and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Mediating Role of Parent and Youth Illness Uncertainty","volume":"44","author":"Baudino","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000686","article-title":"Disease Activity Does Not Explain It All: How Internalizing Symptoms and Caregiver Depressive Symptoms Relate to Health-Related Quality of Life Among Youth with Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035216","article-title":"Family and Parent Influences on Pediatric Chronic Pain: A Developmental Perspective","volume":"69","author":"Palermo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaul, K., Schumann, S., Sander, C., D\u00e4britz, J., and de Laffolie, J. (2023). A Nationwide Survey on Patient Empowerment in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Germany. Children, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/children10121904"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000164024.10848.0a","article-title":"Health-Related Quality of Life and Psychosocial Functioning of Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"11","author":"Grootenhuis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000196422.42599.63","article-title":"Attachment and Externalizing Disorders: A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective","volume":"45","author":"Crowell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/12\/5\/575\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:23:57Z","timestamp":1760030637000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/12\/5\/575"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["children12050575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children12050575","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]}}}