{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T12:53:06Z","timestamp":1767703986413,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["R01HD105474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD105474"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Early care and education programs promote children\u2019s social\u2013emotional development, predicting later school success. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened an existing youth mental health crisis and increased teacher stress. Therefore, we applied an infant and early childhood mental health consultation model, Jump Start Plus COVID Support (JS+CS), aiming to decrease behavioral problems in children post-pandemic. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial compared JS+CS to an active control, Healthy Caregivers\u2013Healthy Children (HC2), at 30 ECE centers in low-income areas in South Florida. Participants were not blinded to group assignment. Teachers reported on children\u2019s social\u2013emotional development at baseline and post-intervention using the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. We assessed whether teacher stress, classroom practices, and self-efficacy mediated the relationship between JS+CS and child outcomes. We also explored whether baseline behavior problems moderated JS+CS effects on child protective factors, relative to HC2. Results: Direct group-by-time differences between JS+CS and HC2 were limited. However, JS+CS demonstrated significant within-group improvements in teacher-reported child protective factors, behavior support practices, and classroom safety practices. Classroom safety practices consistently mediated positive changes in child behaviors, including the DECA total protective factor score and subdomains of initiative and self-regulation. Additionally, teacher perceptions of behavior support mediated gains in child attachment. Conclusions: JS+CS shows promise in building protective systems around children through intentional support for teachers, underscoring the value of whole-child, whole-environment approaches in early intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12070812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T11:23:24Z","timestamp":1750418604000},"page":"812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Strengthening Early Childhood Protective Factors Through Safe and Supportive Classrooms: Findings from Jump Start + COVID Support"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6393-7296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruby","family":"Natale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman Center for Child Development, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Kenworthy LaMarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman Center for Child Development, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman Center for Child Development, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6422-4674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaray","family":"Agosto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman Center for Child Development, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7974-0487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Bulotsky-Shearer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7263-4609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara M.","family":"St. George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanha","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman Center for Child Development, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Velasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman Center for Child Development, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason F.","family":"Jent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mailman Center for Child Development, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine, and National Research Council (2000). 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