{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T16:05:01Z","timestamp":1784909101631,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignant disease in children. Contemporary antitumor treatment protocols provide long-term survival rates in over 90% of patients with ALL. High effectiveness of the treatment has been achieved as a result of chemotherapy optimization, use of targeted drugs, up-to-date genetic information, and detection of minimal residual disease (MRD). Current highly sensitive methods for MRD detection have advantages and disadvantages, and the challenge is to distinguish between false-positive and false-negative tests. Methods: A comprehensive search through MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect using the MRD-related keywords was performed, and included a final set of 72 academic articles. Results: At present, flow cytometry for MRD detection provides the necessary sensitivity of 10\u22124 and allows for reliable prediction of ALL dynamics and effective therapeutic strategies. However, even multicolor flow cytometry (MFC) cannot avoid cases of false-positive or false-negative results. Highly sensitive and productive genomic methods in addition to MFC may enhance the accuracy of MRD evaluation. On the other hand, overwhelming efforts to reach the highest sensitivity of the detection methods may lead to the detection of clinically insignificant manifestations of minimal residual disease and, subsequently, to unjustified escalation of antitumor therapy. Conclusions: The necessary ground for an adequate sensitivity of the MRD detection methods could ensure the fine line between false-positive and false-negative MRD results in patients with childhood ALL to develop an appropriate therapeutic strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12070860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T06:46:12Z","timestamp":1751438772000},"page":"860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["False-Positive and False-Negative MRD Results in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Navigating Between Scylla and Charybdis (Brief Review and Clinical Experience)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yulia S.","family":"Korkina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, FSBI \u201cN.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology\u201d of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kashirskoye Sh.23, Moscow 115522, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1469-2365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timur T.","family":"Valiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, FSBI \u201cN.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology\u201d of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kashirskoye Sh.23, Moscow 115522, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia A.","family":"Batmanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, FSBI \u201cN.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology\u201d of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kashirskoye Sh.23, Moscow 115522, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail V.","family":"Kiselevskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Experimental Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors, FSBI \u201cN.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology\u201d of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kashirskoye Sh.24, Moscow 115522, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9374-3158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina Z.","family":"Shubina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Experimental Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors, FSBI \u201cN.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology\u201d of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kashirskoye Sh.24, Moscow 115522, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirill I.","family":"Kirgizov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, FSBI \u201cN.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology\u201d of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kashirskoye Sh.23, Moscow 115522, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana R.","family":"Varfolomeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, FSBI \u201cN.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology\u201d of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Kashirskoye Sh.23, Moscow 115522, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-024-02252-4","article-title":"Measurable residual disease (MRD)-testing in haematological and solid cancers","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-023-01684-9","article-title":"The Outcome of Pediatric Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Experience from a Referral Center in South India","volume":"40","author":"Antonisamy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J. Hematol. Blood Transfus."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atout, M., Elwaheidi, H., Maarouf, R., Albabtain, A.A., Alhayli, S., Alshaibani, A., Aljurf, M., and El Fakih, R. Minimal Residual Disease Testing for Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk., 2025. in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2025.05.003"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25939","article-title":"Minimal residual disease and childhood leukemia: Standard of care recommendations from the Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario MRD Working Group","volume":"63","author":"Athale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3889","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.45.9628","article-title":"High prognostic impact of flow cytometric minimal residual disease detection in acute myeloid leukemia: Data from the HOVON\/SAKK AML 42A study","volume":"31","author":"Terwijn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4123","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.49.1753","article-title":"Prognostic relevance of treatment response measured by flow cytometric residual disease detection in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"31","author":"Freeman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.76.3425","article-title":"Measurable Residual Disease at Induction Redefines Partial Response in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Stratifies Outcomes in Patients at Standard Risk Without NPM1 Mutations","volume":"36","author":"Freeman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.1363","article-title":"DNA sequencing to detect residual disease in adults with acute myeloid leukemia prior to hematopoietic cell transplant","volume":"329","author":"Dillon","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e170580","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.0580","article-title":"Association of Minimal Residual Disease With Clinical Outcome in Pediatric and Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Berry","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2013.10.008","article-title":"Measurement of minimal residual disease before and after myeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute leukemia","volume":"26","author":"Appelbaum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-019-0497-7","article-title":"Determination of minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma: Does it matter?","volume":"14","author":"Kothari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Hematol. Malig. Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2012.150","article-title":"The European LeukemiaNet AML Working Party consensus statement on allogeneic HSCT for patients with AML in remission: An integrated-risk adapted approach","volume":"9","author":"Cornelissen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2023.2285985","article-title":"Challenges facing minimal residual disease testing for acute myeloid leukemia and promising strategies to overcome them","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.113","article-title":"Measurable residual disease testing in acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"31","author":"Hourigan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1993.tb04665.x","article-title":"The significance of detection of minimal residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"83","author":"Potter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.64.6364","article-title":"Successful Therapy Reduction and Intensification for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Based on Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring: Study ALL10 From the Dutch Childhood Oncology Group","volume":"34","author":"Pieters","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2017.03.017","article-title":"Multicolor flow cytometry and multigene next-generation sequencing are complementary and highly predictive for relapse in acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic transplantation","volume":"23","author":"Getta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716863","article-title":"Molecular minimal residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"378","author":"Grob","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7549.1080","article-title":"The cost of dichotomising continuous variables","volume":"332","author":"Altman","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zawitkowska, J., Lejman, M., Romiszewski, M., Matysiak, M., \u0106wikli\u0144ska, M., Balwierz, W., Owoc-Lempach, J., Kazanowska, B., Derwich, K., and Wachowiak, J. (2020). Results of two consecutive treatment protocols in Polish children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75860-6"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"153","article-title":"Influence of Minimal Residual Disease at Day 15 of Induction Therapy on Survival of Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"52","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Med. Acad."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"337","article-title":"Multicenter evaluation of minimal residual disease monitoring in early induction therapy for treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"62","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.26442\/18151434.2019.4.190745","article-title":"Modern immunological criteria for a stratification of risk groups forprecursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children","volume":"21","author":"Shervashidze","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mod. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-019-0729-4","article-title":"Statistics and measurable residual disease (MRD) testing: Uses and abuses in hematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"55","author":"Othus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(02)00166-2","article-title":"Modeling minimal residual disease (MRD)-testing","volume":"27","author":"Butturini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-09-801498","article-title":"Minimal\/measurable residual disease in AML: Consensus document from ELN MRD Working Party","volume":"131","author":"Schuurhuis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2019.09.021","article-title":"Re: Myeloblasts in normal bone marrows expressing leukaemia-associated immunophenotypes","volume":"52","author":"Hanekamp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.4600","article-title":"Association of Measurable Residual Disease with Survival Outcomes in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Short","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kruse, A., Abdel-Azim, N., Kim, H.N., Phan, V., Ogana, H., Wang, W., Lee, R., Gang, E.J., Khazal, S., and Kim, Y.M. (2020). Minimal Residual Disease Detection in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21031054"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402198","article-title":"Real-time quantitative PCR for detection of minimal residual disease before allogeneic stem cell transplantation predicts outcome in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"15","author":"Joosten","year":"2001","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2018.03.005","article-title":"Differential expression of CD73, CD86 and CD304 in normal vs. leukemic B-cell precursors and their utility as stable minimal residual disease markers in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"475","author":"Sedek","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2016.02.002","article-title":"Minimal residual disease detection using flow cytometry: Applications in acute leukemia","volume":"72","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. J. Armed Forces India"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verbeek, M.W.C., and van der Velden, V.H.J. (2024). The Evolving Landscape of Flowcytometric Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring in B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094881"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2008.000414","article-title":"Establishment and validation of a standard protocol for the detection of minimal residual disease in B lineage childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia by flow cytometry in a multi-center setting","volume":"94","author":"Irving","year":"2009","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2000.02143.x","article-title":"Regenerating normal B-cell precursors during and after treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: Implications for monitoring of minimal residual disease","volume":"110","author":"Szczepanski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6267","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-12-324004","article-title":"New markers for minimal residual disease detection in acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"117","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-07-726307","article-title":"Standardized flow cytometry for highly sensitive MRD measurements in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"129","author":"Theunissen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19390","article-title":"Faster clinical decisions in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A single flow cytometric 12-colour tube improves diagnosis and minimal residual disease follow-up","volume":"204","author":"Lebecque","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.8.2691","article-title":"Clinical importance of minimal residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"96","author":"Sancho","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.6.1952","article-title":"Prognostic significance and modalities of flow cytometric minimal residual disease detection in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"99","author":"Dworzak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5477","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-01-132837","article-title":"Clinical significance of minimal residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its relationship to other prognostic factors. a Children\u2019s Oncology Group study","volume":"111","author":"Borowitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5168","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.20.8934","article-title":"Risk of relapse of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is predicted by flow cytometric measurement of residual disease on day 15 bone marrow","volume":"27","author":"Basso","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.03974.x","article-title":"Outcome prediction by immunophenotypic minimal residual disease detection in adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"120","author":"Krampera","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-4188-0_7","article-title":"Flow Cytometric MRD Detection in Selected Mature B-Cell Malignancies","volume":"2865","author":"Engelmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21239","article-title":"Principles of minimal residual disease detection for hematopoietic neoplasms by flow cytometry","volume":"90","author":"Wood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytom. B Clin. Cytom."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2017.16","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing indicates false-positive MRD results and better predicts prognosis after SCT in patients with childhood ALL","volume":"52","author":"Kotrova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27590","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27590","article-title":"Flow-cytometric minimal residual disease monitoring in blood predicts relapse risk in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in trial AIEOP-BFM-ALL 2000","volume":"66","author":"Schumich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27787","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27787","article-title":"Clinical benefit of a high-throughput sequencing approach for minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"66","author":"Wright","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2018.09.001","article-title":"The emerging role of measurable residual disease detection in AML in morphologic remission","volume":"56","author":"Buccisano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0496-7","article-title":"Standardized next-generation sequencing of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene recombinations for MRD marker identification in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; a EuroClonality-NGS validation study","volume":"33","author":"Bruggemann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"oyaf016","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyaf016","article-title":"Prognostic relevance of immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement and immunoglobulin kappa light chain rearrangement in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-019-0499-4","article-title":"Quality control and quantification in IG\/TR next-generation sequencing marker identification: Protocols and bioinformatic functionalities by EuroClonality-NGS","volume":"33","author":"Knecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3501","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-12-615757","article-title":"IgH-V(D)J NGS-MRD measurement pre- and early post-allotransplant defines very low- and very high-risk ALL patients","volume":"125","author":"Pulsipher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.5","article-title":"Minimal residual disease-directed risk stratification using real-time quantitative PCR analysis of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements in the international multicenter trial AIEOP-BFM ALL 2000 for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"22","author":"Flohr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2025.66.100","article-title":"Disease characteristics and outcomes of Croatian pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Pretreatment immunophenotypic predictors of high bone marrow minimal residual disease on day 15 of treatment","volume":"66","author":"Lasan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Croat. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"119","article-title":"Protocol ALL-IC BFM 2002: Outcomes of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment under Multi-Center Clinical Trial","volume":"15","author":"Valiev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Oncohematol."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"73","article-title":"The role of minimal residual disease in therapy of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Modern","volume":"25","author":"Korkina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0218tefan, A.I., Radu, L.E., Jardan, D., and Coli\u021b\u0103, A. (2025). The emerging role of next-generation sequencing in minimal residual disease assessment in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A systematic review of current literature. Front. Med., 22.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1570041"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-018-0373-4","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adults with Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission: A position statement of the European Working Group for Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (EWALL) and the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT)","volume":"54","author":"Giebel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.08.014","article-title":"Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Updated 2019 Evidence-Based Review from the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy","volume":"25","author":"DeFilipp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-12-725804","article-title":"Minimal residual disease-guided therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"129","author":"Campana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2018.1463508","article-title":"Minimal residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A consensus paper that presents the clinical impact of the presently available laboratory approaches","volume":"55","author":"Tomuleasa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3996","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-03-580027","article-title":"Minimal residual disease diagnostics in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Need for sensitive, fast, and standardized technologies","volume":"125","author":"Bruggemann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.231","article-title":"Improved flow cytometric detection of minimal residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"27","author":"Denys","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25671","article-title":"The early achievement of measurable residual disease negativity in the treatment of adults with Philadelphia-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a strong predictor for survival","volume":"95","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.010843","article-title":"Relationship between minimal residual disease measured by multiparametric flow cytometry prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and outcome in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"95","author":"Elorza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7468","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43171-9","article-title":"Minimal residual disease detection by next-generation sequencing of different immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in pediatric B-ALL","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4540","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-3231","article-title":"Detection of minimal residual disease in B lymphoblastic leukemia by high-throughput sequencing of IGH","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s12308-023-00544-9","article-title":"Multiparameter flow cytometry and ClonoSEQ correlation to evaluate precursor B-lymphoblastic leukemia measurable residual disease","volume":"16","author":"Momen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Hematopathol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-022-04151-6","article-title":"Clinical application of next-generation sequencing-based monitoring of minimal residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"149","author":"Mai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2023.0412","article-title":"Comparison of Measurable Residual Disease in Pediatric B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia Using Multiparametric Flow Cytometry and Next-Generation Sequencing","volume":"44","author":"Hwang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2023.04.004","article-title":"Challenges of detecting measurable\/minimal disease in acute leukemia","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin. Diagn. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/12\/7\/860\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:01:37Z","timestamp":1760032897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/12\/7\/860"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["children12070860"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children12070860","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]}}}