{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:58:16Z","timestamp":1792720696841,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K02423"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K02423"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Emotional interactions between mothers and children are essential for later developmental outcomes such as children\u2019s health, social competence, and language skills. However, an observational assessment of such interactions cannot reveal how mothers perceive their relationships with their children. Therefore, in this study, we translated and validated the Japanese version of the Emotional Availability Self-Report (EA-SR-J) and examined its factor structure, reliability, and validity. Methods: The participants were 739 Japanese mothers with children aged from 1 month to 5 years and 11 months. Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed 19 items and four factors (Affect Quality, Hostility, Mutual Attunement, and Child Involvement with Parent) for the EA-SR-J. However, Intrusiveness was removed, and some items were assigned to different factors compared with the original scale. Cronbach\u2019s alpha of each subscale ranged from 0.81 to 0.88, indicating sufficient internal consistency. The convergent validity of the scale was confirmed with expected correlations with variables related to attachment and child-rearing style. Discriminant validity was confirmed by group differences in variables related to children\u2019s autism spectrum disorder symptoms and mothers\u2019 depression symptoms. Conclusions: Although the EA-SR-J contains fewer items than the original scale, with the Intrusiveness item removed, it remains a reliable and valid tool. Further studies using the Emotional Availability Scale based on observation are needed in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12070867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T06:46:12Z","timestamp":1751438772000},"page":"867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factor Structure and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Emotional Availability Self-Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5909-0508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nozomi","family":"Kanehira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama-shi 729-0292, Hiroshima, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-3-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima-shi 739-8511, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Ae","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic Ogura, 3-16-11 Wakabayashi, Setagaya-ku 154-0023, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Suwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Mejiro University, 4-31-1 Naka-Ochiai, Shinjuku-ku 161-8539, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sugako","family":"Asaeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima City Mental Health and Welfare Center, 11-27 Fujimi-cho, Naka-ku, Hiroshima-shi 730-0043, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Tsutsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Osaka University of Human Sciences, 1-4-1 Shojaku, Settsu-shi 566-8501, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School Counselor, Hiroshima Prefectural Board of Education, 9-42 Motomachi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima-shi 730-0011, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3244-6986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koudai","family":"Fukudome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Contemporary Human Sciences, St. Catherine University, 660 Hojo, Matsuyama-shi 799-2496, Ehime, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-cho, Fukuyama-shi 729-0292, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masamichi","family":"Yuzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-3-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima-shi 739-8511, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1159\/000525256","article-title":"Emotional availability: Clinical populations and clinical applications","volume":"66","author":"Biringen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. 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