{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T04:09:32Z","timestamp":1780373372595,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This systematic review aims to summarize the most recent data from the literature on the psychological aspects of parents of children prenatally diagnosed with congenital heart defects (CHDs). Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies on the psychological issues faced by parents of children prenatally diagnosed with CHD. Searches were performed in multiple scientific databases, including PubMed, Science direct, Embase, Scopus, Medline, Clarivate, to ensure the broad coverage of the literature. The search was limited to studies published up until February 2025. The search strategy included the following terms and combinations: \u201ccongenital heart defect\u201d OR \u201cCHD\u201d AND \u201cprenatal diagnosis\u201d AND \u201cpsychological impact\u201d OR \u201cparental distress\u201d OR \u201ccoping\u201d. Results: Eighteen studies involving the 673 parents of fetuses diagnosed with congenital heart defects were included. Studies spanned four continents and employed both qualitative (n = 14) and quantitative (n = 4) designs. Key psychological outcomes reported were anxiety, depression, stress, post-traumatic stress, coping strategies, maternal\u2013fetal attachment, and life satisfaction. Anxiety and depression were the most frequent issues, with maternal anxiety reaching 65% and depression up to 45.7%. Stress related to diagnostic uncertainty was common. While some parents used adaptive coping (social support, emotional regulation), others experienced maladaptive patterns such as avoidance. One study reported increased maternal\u2013fetal attachment following prenatal CHD diagnosis. Predictors of psychological distress included time of diagnosis, parental gender, education level, social support, and severity of the defect. Recommended interventions included early psychological screening, empathetic communication, structured counseling, and long-term emotional support. Despite heterogeneity in design and moderate overall bias, findings highlight a consistent psychological burden among parents, underscoring the need for integrated psychosocial care following a prenatal CHD diagnosis. Conclusions: Parents whose children have been prenatally diagnosed with a congenital heart defect are at an increased risk for psychological distress. To improve the quality of care, a multidisciplinary team is needed to provide parents with the necessary information on diagnosis, interventions, and potential outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12081095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T13:18:14Z","timestamp":1755695894000},"page":"1095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Parental Psychological Response to Prenatal Congenital Heart Defect Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Tecar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, 400364 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3221-4276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lacramioara Eliza","family":"Chiperi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases and Heart Transplant, 50 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dafin Fior","family":"Muresanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, 400364 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437597.44550.5d","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of fetal cardiac disease: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"129","author":"Donofrio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.025","article-title":"Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Konings","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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