{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:21:44Z","timestamp":1788438104784,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Deferred cord clamping (DCC) is beneficial for preterm infants, but there are concerns about the safety of DCC during Cesarean deliveries (CD) under general anesthesia (GA). We evaluated maternal and neonatal outcomes in preterm CD under GA vs. regional anesthesia (RA) after implementing 180 s of DCC. Methods: This retrospective single-center observational study included CD at &lt;33 weeks gestation, delivered between January 2018 and December 2023. The cord was clamped before 180 s for concerns of maternal bleeding or infant apnea after 30\u201345 s stimulation. Data was collected from reports from electronic medical records, neonatal intensive care unit database, and manually from the medical records of the patient. Multivariable regression analysis was used to assess the effect of anesthesia type and DCC on outcomes, adjusting for confounders. Results: This study included 170 mothers and 194 infants, and 84.9% of the infants received DCC \u2265 60 s. The GA group had a higher percentage of emergency CD and a lower median duration of DCC (105 s vs. 180 s, p \u2264 0.001) compared to RA. In multivariate regression analysis, GA was associated with lower odds (95% CI) of umbilical artery pH &lt; 7 [0.1, (0.0, 0.6)], base deficit \u2265 16 [0.0, (0.0, 0.5)], and higher odds of necrotizing enterocolitis [28.2, (1.4, 560.0)]. GA was not associated with maternal hemorrhage, delivery room (DR) resuscitation, or other major neonatal morbidities or mortality. DCC \u2265 60 s was associated with lower maternal blood loss [Regression coefficient \u2212698, (\u22121193, \u2212202)], lower odds of transfusion [0.4, (0.1, 1.0)], DR resuscitation [0.4, (0.2, 0.8)], and chronic lung disease [0.4, (0.2, 0.9)], and higher survival without major morbidities [2.8, (1.2, 6.8)]. Conclusions: DCC was performed in a majority of CD under GA by adhering to protocols to shorten DCC in cases where maternal or fetal safety was threatened. GA with DCC was not associated with increased neonatal resuscitation or major neonatal morbidities and was associated with lower maternal hemorrhage and transfusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12091151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T12:25:57Z","timestamp":1756470357000},"page":"1151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Short-Term Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Preterm (&lt;33 Weeks Gestation) Cesarean Deliveries Under General Anesthesia with Deferred Cord Clamping"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Priya","family":"Jegatheesan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA 95128, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA 95128, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8363-8258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sudha Rani","family":"Narasimhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA 95128, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0679-5716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Nudelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Clinical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA"},{"name":"Valley Health Foundation, San Jose, CA 95128, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Jelks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA 95128, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0697-2949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongli","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA 95128, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ACOG (2020). 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