{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T22:45:37Z","timestamp":1784069137233,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["RC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Functional abilities are fundamental for social participation. However, functional abilities assessment tools validated for children and adolescents undergoing cancer treatment are lacking. A preliminary validation of the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88) scale for children with cancer found that some items are unable to discriminate or distinguish between different gross motor function levels. This study aims to develop and validate the Functional Abilities Assessment in Paediatric Oncology (FAAP-O), starting with GMFM-88. Methods: This multicentre study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04862130) involved children and adolescents (6 months\u201318 years old) diagnosed with cancer, in any phase of treatment or less than 1 year off therapy. A multiphase mixed-methods design was employed. The content validity of each item of GMFM-88 for the paediatric oncology population was calculated with the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Items with a CVR score \u2265 0.70 were included in the FAAP-O scale. Other items with a score between 0 and 0.69 were selected for their relevance by consensus with five focus groups and a plenary meeting. The FAAP-O items set was organised in five dimensions by exploratory factor analyses. The calculation of FAAP-O internal consistency was made using Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 while inter\/intra-rater reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results: The study involved 217 subjects. The FAAP-O included 36 items; its internal consistency was good in each dimension (0.90 \u2264 \u03b1 \u2264 0.96) and its inter\/intra-rater reliability was excellent (ICC &gt; 0.90). Conclusions: A new specifically validated scale to assess functional abilities in children and adolescents with cancer is provided. Validated tools are necessary for specific, objective rehabilitation assessments, which are fundamental in clinical practice and research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12091163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T13:27:44Z","timestamp":1756733264000},"page":"1163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of Functional Abilities Assessment in Paediatric Oncology (FAAP-O) Scale for Children and Adolescents Affected by Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1335-5121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Service, Public Health and Paediatric Sciences Department, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza\u2014Regina Margherita Children Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Carlucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Professions of Rehabilitation Sciences Master\u2019s Degree Course, Clinical and Biological Sciences Department, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2071-4513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Tofani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Health and Healthcare Professions, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi \u201cLink Campus University\u201d, via del Casale di San Pio V 44, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Management and Diagnostic Innovations & Clinical Pathways Research Area, Neurorehabilitation and Adapted Physical Activity Day Hospital, IRCCS, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9043-5686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Galeoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCSS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5835-5638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Berchialla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Sciannameo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5927-2973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Clari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0268-3020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Cardano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cultures, Politics, and Society, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Nota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cultures, Politics, and Society, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Bertin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Oncohematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy Division, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza\u2014Regina Margherita Children\u2019s Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Calcagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, Children\u2019s Hospital Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Casalaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Oncohematology Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health\u2014IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Cerboneschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Department, IRCCS, Meyer Children\u2019s Hospital, 50139 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Cervo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Department, IRCCS, Meyer Children\u2019s Hospital, 50139 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Cornelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Oncology Department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morena Delle","family":"Fave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncological Rehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriana","family":"Ferrarese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Professions of Rehabilitation Sciences Master\u2019s Degree Course, Clinical and Biological Sciences Department, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Imazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Department of Paediatric Orthopedics Unit, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza\u2014Regina Margherita Children\u2019s Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Lorenzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromotor Rehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 31015 Conegliano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Professions of Rehabilitation Sciences Master\u2019s Degree Course, Clinical and Biological Sciences Department, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Naretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Department of Paediatric Orthopedics Unit, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza\u2014Regina Margherita Children\u2019s Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Orsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, Children\u2019s Hospital Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3511-8709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Panzeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncological Rehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care, Pain Therapy and Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Peranzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Hospital of Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Picone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Department, IRCCS, Meyer Children\u2019s Hospital, 50139 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Rabusin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Oncohematology Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health\u2014IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3165-0105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Trabacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute IRCCS. \u201cE. Medea\u201d, Scientific Direction, 23824 Bosisio Parini, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1783-0492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Zigrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults Associazione \u201cLa Nostra Famiglia\u201d, IRCCS \u201cE. Medea\u201d, Scientific Hospital for Neurorehabilitation, 72100 Brindisi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0319-3579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Martinuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Neuromotor Rehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 31015 Conegliano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9257-900X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franca","family":"Fagioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Oncohematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy Division, A.O.U. Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza\u2014Regina Margherita Children\u2019s Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2019-612X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board (2025, July 03). Late Effects of Treatment for Childhood Cancer (PDQ\u00ae): Health Professional Version\u2014PubMed. Available online: https:\/\/pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.bvsp.idm.oclc.org\/26389273\/."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute (2023). NCCR*Explorer: An Interactive Website for NCCR Cancer Statistics, National Cancer Institute."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.2018-13.pp","article-title":"A scoping review of physical therapy interventions for childhood cancers","volume":"71","author":"Ospina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiother. Can."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2014.944519","article-title":"Skeletal, neuromuscular and fitness impairments among children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"56","author":"Ness","year":"2014","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-017-3572-1","article-title":"Presentation and symptom interval in children with central nervous system tumors. A single-center experience","volume":"33","author":"Stocco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child\u2019s Nerv. Syst."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-022-04741-z","article-title":"Physical fitness throughout chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphoma","volume":"182","author":"Vriens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17199","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24762","article-title":"Physical training interventions for children and teenagers affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia and related treatment impairments","volume":"9","author":"Simioni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3255","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.01.202","article-title":"Long-term neurologic and neurosensory sequelae in adult survivors of a childhood brain tumor: Childhood cancer survivor study","volume":"21","author":"Packer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"CD012924","article-title":"Physical therapy interventions, other than general physical exercise interventions, in children and adolescents before, during and following treatment for cancer","volume":"2021","author":"Ospina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and World Health Organization (2001). International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health, ICF. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1179\/108331909X12488667117131","article-title":"Outcome measures: Why physiotherapists must use them","volume":"14","author":"Copeland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Ther. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5291","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol31090390","article-title":"Internal Consistency and Floor\/Ceiling Effects of the Gross Motor Function Measure for Use with Children Affected by Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"31","author":"Rossi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1989.tb04003.x","article-title":"The gross motor function measure: A means to evaluate the effects of physical therapy","volume":"31","author":"Russell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Mokkink, L.B., Terwee, C.B., Knol, D.L., Stratford, P.W., Alonso, J., Patrick, D.L., Bouter, L.M., and de Vet, H.C. (2025, July 15). The COSMIN Checklist for Evaluating the Methodological Quality of Studies on Measurement Properties: A Clarification of Its Content. Available online: http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/1471-2288\/10\/22."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"271","article-title":"A new frontier of pediatric oncology rehabilitation: Establishment of a dedicated working-group within the Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology","volume":"12","author":"Rossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The World Medical Association Inc. (2008). Declaration of Helsinki Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects, The World Medical Association Inc.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110208856.233"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.3.238","article-title":"Content Validity in Psychological Assessment: A Functional Approach to Concepts and Methods Introduction to Content Validity","volume":"7","author":"Haynes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pope, C., and Mays, N. (2019). Qualitative research in health care: Fourth edition. Qual. Res. Health Care, 1\u2013235.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119410867"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"7","article-title":"Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis","volume":"10","author":"Costello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Res. Eval. Pract. Assess. Res. Eval."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.7.3.286","article-title":"Factor Analysis in the Development and Refinement of Clinical Assessment Instruments","volume":"7","author":"Floyd","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798418771807","article-title":"Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Guide to Best Practice","volume":"44","author":"Watkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Black Psychol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunnally, J.C. (1978). An overview of psychological measurement. Clinical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders: A Handbook, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-2490-4_4"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monticone, M., Galeoto, G., Berardi, A., and Tofani, M. (2021). Psychometric properties of assessment tools. Measuring Spinal Cord Injury: A Practical Guide of Outcome Measures, Springer. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-68382-5"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-6-36","article-title":"How discriminating are discriminative instruments?","volume":"6","author":"Hankins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heal. Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2006.09.002","article-title":"Assessing cross-cultural validity of scales: A methodological review and illustrative example","volume":"45","author":"Beckstead","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Stud."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1343411","article-title":"MOON-test-Determination of motor performance in the pediatric oncology","volume":"225","author":"Kesting","year":"2013","journal-title":"Klin. Padiatr."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"847","article-title":"The pediatric-modified total neuropathy score: A reliable and valid measure of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in children with non-CNS cancers","volume":"21","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2013","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00540024","article-title":"Development of a measure of physical function for patients with bone and soft tissue sarcoma","volume":"5","author":"Davis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/01893697-200725040-00003","article-title":"Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Gross Motor Function Measure for Children Receiving Treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"25","author":"Wright","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rehabil. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"524","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline and expert consensus recommendations for rehabilitation among children with cancer: A systematic review","volume":"73","author":"Randolph","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2020.0001","article-title":"Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, version 2.2020","volume":"18","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"JNCCN J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"4169","article-title":"Desmoplastic small round-cell tumor: Prolonged progression-free survival with aggressive multimodality therapy","volume":"27","author":"Merchant","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2021.0027","article-title":"Pediatric hodgkin lymphoma, version 3.2021","volume":"19","author":"Flerlage","year":"2021","journal-title":"JNCCN J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"2","article-title":"Bone Cancer, Version 2.2025","volume":"23","author":"Biermann","year":"2025","journal-title":"JNCCN J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taverna, L., Tremolada, M., Bonichini, S., Tosetto, B., Basso, G., Messina, C., Pillon, M., and Bandapalli, O.R. (2017). Motor skill delays in pre-school children with leukemia one year after treatment: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation therapy as an important risk factor. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186787"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02379.x","article-title":"WHO Motor Development Study: Windows of achievement for six gross motor development milestones","volume":"95","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr. Int. J. Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"DeVellis, R. (2003). Scale Development: Theory and Applications: Theory and Application, Sage."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.4dfb.8dfd","article-title":"Making sense of Cronbach\u2019s alpha","volume":"2","author":"Tavakol","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Educ."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","article-title":"A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research","volume":"15","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chiropr. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3034","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25051","article-title":"Physical Performance Limitations Among Adult Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumors","volume":"116","author":"Ness","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2025.101186","article-title":"Pediatric CNS tumors: Overview and treatment paradigms","volume":"53","author":"Parikh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morri, M., Forni, C., Ruisi, R., Giamboi, T., Giacomella, F., Donati, D.M., and Benedetti, M.G. (2018). Postoperative function recovery in patients with endoprosthetic knee replacement for bone tumour: An observational study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2280-7"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.05.001","article-title":"Functional Gains in Children Receiving Inpatient Rehabilitation After Brain Tumor Resection","volume":"102","author":"Day","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"CD00879","article-title":"Physical exercise training interventions for children and young adults during and after treatment for childhood cancer","volume":"2017","author":"Braam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grimshaw, S.L., Taylor, N.F., Conyers, R., and Shields, N. (2022). Promoting positive physical activity behaviors for children and adolescents undergoing acute cancer treatment: Development of the CanMOVE intervention using the Behavior Change Wheel. Front. Pediatr., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.980890"}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/12\/9\/1163\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:37:04Z","timestamp":1760035024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/12\/9\/1163"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["children12091163"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children12091163","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}}}