{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:38:27Z","timestamp":1778114307626,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Risdiplam is an orally administered small molecule that modifies the mRNA splicing of SMN2 for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Its use is approved in presymptomatic patients diagnosed by neonatal screening with early and severe forms with two copies of SMN2, but we do not have real data on the evolution of oral treatment in this early phenotype of SMA. We present two cases treated at one month of life with a follow-up of 12 months and discuss their different evolutions and the causes of this. Familial adherence to treatment is important, as discontinuation can convert an early form of presymptomatic SMA to symptomatic. Molecular biomarkers such as plasma monitoring of neurofilament light chain (pNf-L) should be considered in the follow-up of early forms of SMA and may support the decision to change treatment in infants with SMA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12091170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T12:04:28Z","timestamp":1756814668000},"page":"1170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neurofilaments as Biomarkers of the Efficacy of Risdiplam Treatment in Early SMA Phenotypes Diagnosed by Newborn Screening"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3864-7374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Pitarch-Castellano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario y Polit\u00e9cnico la Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Neuromuscular Unit, Hospital Universitario y Polit\u00e9cnico la Fe, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria LaFe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy Carolina","family":"\u00d1ungo-Garz\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario y Polit\u00e9cnico la Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Neuromuscular Unit, Hospital Universitario y Polit\u00e9cnico la Fe, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria LaFe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Aragon-Gawi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Unit, Hospital Universitario y Polit\u00e9cnico la Fe, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria LaFe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario y Polit\u00e9cnico la Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Hospital Universitario y Polit\u00e9cnico la Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3043-7938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan F.","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Unit, Hospital Universitario y Polit\u00e9cnico la Fe, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria LaFe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario y Polit\u00e9cnico la Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46010 Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Sevilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Unit, Hospital Universitario y Polit\u00e9cnico la Fe, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria LaFe (IISLAFE), 46026 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario y Polit\u00e9cnico la Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46010 Val\u00e8ncia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-6-71","article-title":"Spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"6","author":"Mercuri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orphanet. 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