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This study aimed to describe sex-specific anthropometric and \u201cPostural Fitness\u201d characteristics in school-aged children and adolescents and to introduce a standardized, field-based assessment protocol for early screening of postural and functional deficits. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 494 students (8\u201317 years; 50% girls) from 14 schools in Murcia (Spain). Exclusion criteria included diagnosed spinal pathology or major physical injury, lack of signed informed consent, absence on the testing day, and incomplete Postural Fitness assessment. The \u201cPostural Fitness\u201d protocol included assessments of sagittal spinal alignment (inclinometer), hip range of motion (ROM) (inclinometer with an extendable telescopic arm), pelvic tilt (goniometer with a spirit level system), and trunk muscle endurance (chronometer). Tests were conducted in physical education sessions by trained sports scientists. Results: Significant sex-based differences were observed. Boys exhibited greater thoracic kyphosis (40.3 \u00b1 9.6\u00b0 vs. 36.7 \u00b1 9.2\u00b0), reduced hip ROM (passive hip extension (PHE): 16.8 \u00b1 8.1\u00b0, passive hip flexion with knee extension (PHFKE): 68.9 \u00b1 8.6\u00b0), and more posterior pelvic tilt (104.9 \u00b1 8.4\u00b0 vs. 99.7 \u00b1 8.1\u00b0), whereas girls demonstrated increased lumbar lordosis (35.7 \u00b1 8.6\u00b0 vs. 31.5 \u00b1 8.5\u00b0), greater hip ROM (PHE: 18.5 \u00b1 9\u00b0, PHFKE: 77.9 \u00b1 13\u00b0), and superior trunk extensor endurance (123.2 \u00b1 74.7 s vs. 106.2 \u00b1 69.8 s). Lateral trunk muscle endurance was higher in boys (48.7 \u00b1 31 s vs. 41.4 \u00b1 24.9 s). Conclusions: The \u201cPostural Fitness\u201d protocol proved feasible in school settings and revealed key sex-based disparities in spinal and neuromuscular profiles. These findings highlight the need for individualized, sex-specific screening and preventive programs to enhance back health during growth. Implementing this protocol may support early identification of modifiable risk factors linked to spinal dysfunction and pain in youth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12091253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T15:12:44Z","timestamp":1758121964000},"page":"1253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Postural Fitness Protocol in Children and Adolescents: Descriptive Values from the ISQUIOS Program"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5440-409X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Romero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9911-4355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"De Ste Croix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education, Sport and Applied Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester GL2 9HW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1379-5151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Sainz de Baranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Sports and Musculoskeletal System Research Group (RAQUIS), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12998-018-0231-x","article-title":"The Natural Course of Low Back Pain from Childhood to Young Adulthood\u2014A Systematic Review","volume":"27","author":"Junge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chiropr. 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