{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:09:33Z","timestamp":1790114973843,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted pediatric healthcare systems globally, altering infection dynamics, hospital admissions, and antimicrobial practices. This study aimed to evaluate temporal shifts in patient demographics, clinical aspects, and microbial pathogen profiles in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Western Romania, spanning pre-pandemic (2019), pandemic (2021), and post-pandemic (2023) periods. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the \u201cLouis \u021aurcanu\u201d Emergency Children\u2019s Hospital, Timi\u0219oara. Pediatric patients (&lt;18 years) with laboratory-confirmed bacterial infections were included. Data on demographics, hospital wards, sample types, and pathogen distribution were analyzed using \u03a72 tests, incidence rate ratios (IRR), and non-parametric statistical methods. Results: A total of 3530 patients and 6885 samples were analyzed. Pediatric admissions declined by nearly 50% during the pandemic. The Outpatient and Emergency department observed a decrease in cases, while the ICU and surgical ward cases increased proportionally. Nasal and pharyngeal samples declined during the pandemic, while catheter, blood, and conjunctival samples rose. The study identified a significant shift in pathogen prevalence, with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as the most frequent isolates. ICU patients showed increased rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Group A Streptococcus resurged post-pandemic after a decline in 2021. Conclusions: The pandemic significantly impacted pediatric infection profiles, hospital service utilization, and sample collection patterns. Strengthening infection surveillance, ensuring consistent reporting standards, and adapting pediatric care to future crises are critical for improving child health outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12091258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T14:45:46Z","timestamp":1758206746000},"page":"1258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Temporal Shifts in Pathogen Profiles Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Romanian Pediatric Tertiary Hospital"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1046-7272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan Dumitru","family":"Vulcanescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance (MULTI-REZ), Microbiology Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, \u201cLouis Turcanu\u201d Emergency Hospital for Children, 300011 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3099-8249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iulia Cristina","family":"Bagiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance (MULTI-REZ), Microbiology Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, \u201cLouis Turcanu\u201d Emergency Hospital for Children, 300011 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Susan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virgiliu Bogdan","family":"Sorop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Octavia","family":"Harich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Sciences, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrada","family":"Oprisoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Discipline of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radu","family":"Galis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital Bihor, 410167 Oradea, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Poznan University Medical Sciences, 60-512 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6133-0204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin George","family":"Horhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance (MULTI-REZ), Microbiology Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, \u201cLouis Turcanu\u201d Emergency Hospital for Children, 300011 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dascalu, S. 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