{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T15:08:43Z","timestamp":1792422523674,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Pediatric heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with diverse etiologies and presentations. Primary care providers (PCPs) are critical in early recognition, family education, and coordination of ongoing care in collaboration with pediatric cardiologists. This review provides a comprehensive guide for PCPs to understand the causes, symptoms, treatments, and longitudinal considerations for children with HF. Methods: We conducted a narrative review synthesizing published evidence and expert consensus guidelines, focusing on the clinical presentation, treatment options, and longitudinal care strategies in children with HF. Results: HF in children most commonly results from congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathy, but includes a wide range of etiologies. Presenting symptoms differ by age, with subtle signs often mistaken for common pediatric illnesses. Treatments range from disease-modifying medications to surgical and transplant therapies. Psychosocial support, mental health, and family-centered care are critical components of long-term management. Conclusions: PCPs are essential partners in the care of children with HF. A proactive, collaborative, and informed approach can improve quality of life, reduce hospitalizations, and support families navigating this challenging diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12101293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T07:46:49Z","timestamp":1758786409000},"page":"1293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pediatric Heart Failure: A Practical Guide for Primary Care Providers Supporting Families Across the Care Continuum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shahnawaz","family":"Amdani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine, Children\u2019s Institute, Department of Heart Vascular & Thoracic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-2655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kriti","family":"Puri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Critical Care and Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4590-6768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Glickstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morgan Stanley Children\u2019s Hospital New York-Presbyterian, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Spinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan N.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2622-573X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashraf S.","family":"Harahsheh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7363-6630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majd","family":"Makhoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Atrium Health Levine Children\u2019s Hospital, Charlotte, NC 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Denfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2023.08.029","article-title":"30- and 60-Day Readmission Rates for Children With Heart Failure in the United States","volume":"12","author":"Amdani","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.03.336","article-title":"Burden of Pediatric Heart Failure in the United States","volume":"79","author":"Amdani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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