{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:07:33Z","timestamp":1789042053009,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Eating disorders (EDs) frequently emerge during critical stages of childhood and adolescence, when identity development and emotional regulation are still maturing. Disturbances in self-concept clarity and identity integration may transform the body into a symbolic battlefield for autonomy, belonging, and self-worth. This review synthesizes developmental, psychosocial, neurocognitive, and therapeutic perspectives on the role of identity disturbance in EDs. Methods: A narrative review was conducted (2010\u20132025) using combinations of terms related to identity, self-concept clarity, self-discrepancy, objectification, interoception, and eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder). Results: Findings indicate that identity vulnerability (expressed as low self-concept clarity, heightened self-discrepancies, and self-objectification) mediates the association between early adversity, sociocultural pressures, and ED symptoms. Neurocognitive studies reveal altered self-referential processing, default mode network connectivity, and interoceptive signaling. Clinically, comorbid borderline personality features further exacerbate identity disturbance and complicate recovery. Evidence-based treatments such as enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT-E) effectively target core maintaining mechanisms, while adjunctive interventions (mentalization-based therapy, schema therapy, narrative approaches, and compassion- or acceptance-based methods) show promise in addressing identity-related processes and improving outcomes. Conclusions: Identity disturbance provides a unifying framework for understanding why ED symptoms become entrenched despite adverse consequences. Integrating identity-focused approaches with nutritional and medical care may enhance recovery and reduce chronicity in youth. Future research should adopt longitudinal and mechanistic designs to clarify pathways linking identity change to clinical improvement and test identity-specific augmentations to standard ED treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12111465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T09:16:24Z","timestamp":1761729384000},"page":"1465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Body as a Battlefield: Identity Development and Psychosomatic Expression in Eating Disorders Across Childhood and Adolescence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7058-4927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Marano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2481-5354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEMAD\u2014Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esmeralda","family":"Capristo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianandrea","family":"Traversi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ospedale Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Isola, 00186 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osvaldo","family":"Mazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spine Surgery Department, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Gaetani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Internal Medicine, Cristo Re Hospital, 00167 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3007-8162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Mazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22835","article-title":"Risk and resiliency factors related to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating: The identity disruption model","volume":"51","author":"Vartanian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. 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