{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T01:23:20Z","timestamp":1780449800978,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The reported data on ECG screening are focused on the last two decades. The objectives of this review were bifold: (i) to identify, within a timespan of twenty years, the most recent literature data on cardiac screening in children and adolescents and (ii) to provide data on the procedures used. Methods: Queries were conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for the time window of 2005\u20132025. The mesh terms used were \u201cECG\u201d, \u201cUniversal Screening\u201d, \u201cCardiac Pathologies\u201d, \u201cHeart Rate\u201d, and \u201cSports Pre-participation Evaluation\u201d. Only research articles and review papers were included. The standard English language filter was used. Successively, only research articles were selected. Results: Data from 14 papers were considered, reflecting the lack of information about subjects &lt;16 years of age. Conclusions: The information on objective ECG screening measures is quite scarce, and it is an urgent need to introduce a multidisciplinary approach to differentiate between ECG physiological changes due to growth and ECG pathological changes due to early pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12111468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T01:23:59Z","timestamp":1761873839000},"page":"1468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Towards a Multidisciplinary Approach of ECG Screening in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review (2005\u20132025)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6009-4465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Zimatore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences (DiSTA), eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5532-6380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Chiara","family":"Gallotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology \u201cVittorio Erspamer\u201d, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7222-7701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Campanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences (DiSTA), eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9509-9722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavros","family":"Hatzopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Audiology & ENT, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4978-1915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr Henryk","family":"Skarzynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Failure and Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Sensory Organs, 05-830 Kajetany, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Teleaudiology and Screening, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 05-830 Kajetany, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6831-479X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonarda","family":"Galiuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, 00161 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009737","article-title":"Electrocardiographic screening of all infants, children, and teenagers should be performed","volume":"130","author":"Vetter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimatore, G., Gallotta, M.C., Alessandria, M., Campanella, M., Ricci, M., and Galiuto, L. 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