{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:58:56Z","timestamp":1791907136273,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-1-IT03-KA220-YOU-000159325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-1-IT03-KA220-YOU-000159325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Adolescence is a developmental stage marked by profound transformations and heightened vulnerability to mental health difficulties, with peer relationships playing a central role, as they provide both protective and risk factors for adolescents\u2019 mental health and well-being. This study aims to characterize Portuguese adolescents\u2019 perceptions of how peers and friends influence their mental health, both positively and negatively. Methods: Participants were 99 adolescents aged 14\u201319 years old enrolled in a Portuguese secondary school. Data were collected through two open-ended questions and participants responses were analyzed using a mixed-methods approach, qualitative and quantitative. Results: Bullying and aggression were the most frequently reported negative influences, followed by peer pressure for inadequate behavior, toxic or false friendships, lack of support, criticism, and social exclusion. Conversely, social support was the most cited positive influence, alongside connection and belonging, promotion of emotional well-being, positive peer characteristics, and social learning. Conclusions: Findings support the dual role of peer relationships, which may either exacerbate vulnerability or strengthen resilience. The study underscores the importance of school-based prevention strategies that reduce bullying and peer aggression while fostering prosocial climates and supportive peer interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12111569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T16:49:51Z","timestamp":1763484591000},"page":"1569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Between Support and Risk: The Dual Role of Peer Relationships in Adolescents\u2019 Mental Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8912-9916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Carapeto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias Sociais, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2141-8813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Agostinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias Sociais, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Psicologia (CIEP), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7005-345 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Gr\u00e1cio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias Sociais, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Psicologia (CIEP), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7005-345 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola de Ci\u00eancias Sociais, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30022-1","article-title":"The age of adolescence","volume":"2","author":"Sawyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. 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