{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T04:05:32Z","timestamp":1776744332145,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Learning disabilities have a significant impact on children\u2019s and adolescents\u2019 academic progress; thus, early detection is of great importance. Parents play a key role, as they can provide valuable and unique information regarding their offspring\u2019s learning challenges. The Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire (CLDQ) is a quick and easy-to-use parent-report rating questionnaire evaluating specific areas of functioning that are most affected in children and adolescents with learning difficulties, such as reading, mathematics, social cognition, spatial abilities, and memory. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Greek version of the CLDQ. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed in a sample of Greek parents and caregivers to test the Greek version of the CLDQ. The 20-item questionnaire was translated into Greek using the appropriate forward-backward translation. Results: The final sample consisted of 303 parents\/caregivers of children and adolescents aged 11\u201317 years with learning difficulties. Analysis was consistent with the original scale and revealed five major factors labeled Reading, Mathematics, Social Cognition, Social Anxiety, and Spatial Problems. Contrary to the original version, two items loaded on two separate factors. Conclusions: The Greek version of the CLDQ demonstrated acceptable reliability and good validity. Consistent with the original version, exploratory factor analysis identified five distinct factors. These findings support the Greek version of the CLDQ as a valid and reliable tool for assessing and screening students with learning difficulties in Greece.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children12121623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T13:03:02Z","timestamp":1764594182000},"page":"1623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Validation of the Greek Version of the Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8725-748X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni Panagiota","family":"Fefe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xanthi","family":"Tigani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Michou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3320-6588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Efthymiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Assessment of Adolescent Learning Difficulties, Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2981-1651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonios I.","family":"Christou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Special Education, University of Thessaly, 38221, Volos, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Darviri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Charalampopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Breast Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokratio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Apostolakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Center for Interdisciplinary Assessment, Counseling and Support (KE.D.A.S.Y.), 4th Health District, 10438 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stavroula","family":"Papadodima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6942-6470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Kanaka-Gantenbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1001-0926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flora","family":"Bacopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Clinic for Assessment of Adolescent Learning Difficulties, Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children\u2019s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Perception of anxiety and learning difficulties according to the criteria of the family and teachers of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","volume":"83","author":"Mengodbalbas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). 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