{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T20:15:39Z","timestamp":1768421739831,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objective: Clavicular pain and swelling in children can have multiple causes and often require a multidisciplinary approach. We aimed to describe the characteristics and final diagnoses of children with clavicular involvement and to review the literature on this topic. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients younger than 18 years who were evaluated for clavicular symptoms at two pediatric rheumatology centers and one pediatric oncohematology center. These data were then descriptively compared with findings from 63 patients reported across 7 published articles. Results: Twelve patients (9 females, median age 10 years [IQR 9.4\u201310.5]) were included. Final diagnoses were chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO; 8), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH; 2), reactive arthritis (1), and Tietze syndrome (1). Clavicular involvement was mostly unilateral and localized to the medial clavicle in CNO. The most frequent presenting symptom was local swelling (11\/12), followed by pain (9\/12). Diagnostic delay was a median of 4 months (IQR 1\u201310.5). Whole-body MRI revealed multifocal lesions in 6\/8 CNO patients. Biopsy was often required for diagnosis primarily to exclude malignancy and to clarify atypical or unifocal presentations. The literature review confirmed CNO as the most frequent cause, followed by rare tumors. Conclusions: CNO predominates among pediatric non-traumatic clavicular lesions, but LCH and rare conditions are not uncommon, underscoring the need for careful differential diagnosis and targeted imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children13010112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T14:57:25Z","timestamp":1768229845000},"page":"112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-Traumatic Clavicular Lesions in Children: Case Series and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9890-9890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Diomeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reumatologia e Immunologia Pediatrica, Ospedale \u2018Vito Fazzi\u2019, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari \u2018Aldo Moro\u2019, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Lazzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari \u2018Aldo Moro\u2019, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1422-5961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Loiacono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reumatologia e Immunologia Pediatrica, Ospedale \u2018Vito Fazzi\u2019, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8117-7237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Taurisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Universit\u00e0 del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adina","family":"Pinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reumatologia e Immunologia Pediatrica, Ospedale \u2018Vito Fazzi\u2019, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"La Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro di Reumatologia Pediatrica, Policlinico di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Cocciolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Ospedale \u2018Vito Fazzi\u2019, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9566-043X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reparto di Radiologia dell\u2019Ospedale \u2018Vito Fazzi\u2019, Universit\u00e0 del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Indrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Pediatria, Ospedale \u2018Vito Fazzi\u2019, Universit\u00e0 del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnaldo","family":"Scardapane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reparto di Radiologia dell\u2019Ospedale \u2018Vito Fazzi\u2019, Universit\u00e0 del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9658-0385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Ravelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direzione Scientifica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0416-768X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adele","family":"Civino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reumatologia e Immunologia Pediatrica, Ospedale \u2018Vito Fazzi\u2019, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198709000-00014","article-title":"Nontraumatic clavicle lesions in children","volume":"7","author":"Franklin","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. 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