{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T10:58:21Z","timestamp":1771930701514,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007686","name":"Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020-1-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-1-32"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In 2020, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern due to the global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2. Recognized as a severe and highly contagious disease, it affected both the adult and pediatric population. However, due to the early timing of the pandemic, limited research was conducted in the perinatal field, leaving many questions regarding the true impact of maternal transmission to fetuses and its consequences during the neonatal period. Methods: In this case series, we reviewed data from ten newborns delivered in the Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda (INPer) in Mexico City (tertiary referral institute), all from high-risk pregnancies, between November 2020 and January 2021, all of whom tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at various points during their hospital stay. Results: Despite showing correct extrauterine adaptation after birth, several of them developed complications such as sepsis, superinfections, inadequate weight gain, and, in some cases, death. Conclusions: These results highlight the urgent need for targeted neonatal care protocols and further research to better understand the impact of persistent viral positivity and immune vulnerability in this population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children13020264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T10:52:21Z","timestamp":1770979941000},"page":"264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Positive Tests in Neonates: Clinical Outcomes, Transmission Pathways, and Immune Vulnerability\u2014Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6541-5934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orly","family":"Grobeisen-Duque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunobioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7091-8840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Villavicencio-Carrisoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Diaz-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunobioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4999-1102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica Selena","family":"Fonseca-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunobioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"},{"name":"Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel Angel","family":"Diaz-Zurita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunobioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"},{"name":"Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5726-5953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moises","family":"Leon-Juarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunobioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha Lucia","family":"Granados-Cepeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor Hugo","family":"Ramirez-Santes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Obstetricia, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6678-1282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Isabel","family":"Villegas-Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Epidemiolog\u00eda Hospitalaria, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Rodriguez-Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdirecci\u00f3n de Ginecolog\u00eda y Obstetricia, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rene Humberto","family":"Barrera-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinaci\u00f3n de Cuidados Inmediatos al Reci\u00e9n Nacido, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irma Alejandra","family":"Coronado-Zarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coordinaci\u00f3n de Cuidados Inmediatos al Reci\u00e9n Nacido, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Acevedo-Gallegos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Fetal, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0357-7070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Valencia-Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdirecci\u00f3n de Neonatolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Cortes-Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge Arturo","family":"Cardona-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n General, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6715-9671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Addy Cecilia","family":"Helguera-Repetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunobioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20230707","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2023-0707","article-title":"Characteristics of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and genes of Klebsiella 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