{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T21:04:57Z","timestamp":1776978297828,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"The Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P3-0307, J3-60063."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0307, J3-60063."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Vertigo and dizziness in children represent diagnostically challenging conditions with heterogeneous etiologies. At initial presentation, a substantial proportion of pediatric patients remain without a definitive etiological diagnosis. Evidence on the impact of longitudinal follow-up on etiological classification in pediatric vertigo is limited. Methods: This observational cohort study uses prospectively collected clinical data. Children aged 1\u201317 years who presented to a tertiary ENT clinic with vertigo and\/or dizziness between 2015 and 2020 were systematically enrolled and followed. The present study represents a retrospective revision of a previously published cohort of 257 children. In 2025, extended follow-up data were reviewed to reassess etiological classification using the same diagnostic categories as in the original analysis. Descriptive statistics were applied to compare etiological distributions at initial evaluation and after follow-up revision. Results: After data revision, the proportion of children with unclassified etiology decreased from 44% to 10%. Central etiologies accounted for 35% of cases, peripheral vestibular disorders for 18%, hemodynamic causes for 16%, psychogenic etiologies for 10%, and other specific causes for 7%. Follow-up duration ranged from 0 to 132 months (mean 17.6 months; median 4.5 months). Diagnostic investigations were frequently performed; however, the etiological yield of certain tests, particularly cranial computed tomography, was low. Conclusions: Extended follow-up significantly improves etiological classification in children with vertigo and dizziness, demonstrating that diagnostic uncertainty at initial presentation often reflects evolving clinical phenotypes rather than the absence of an underlying disorder. A longitudinal, clinically guided, and multidisciplinary approach is essential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and optimize the use of diagnostic investigations in pediatric vertigo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children13030376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T14:43:07Z","timestamp":1772808187000},"page":"376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Impact of Follow-Up on Etiological Classification of Pediatric Vertigo"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3407-2064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Bo\u017eani\u0107 Urban\u010di\u010d","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6837-4826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dejan","family":"Mladenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1478-0573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saba","family":"Battelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001281","article-title":"The Differential Diagnosis of Vertigo in Children: A Systematic Review of 2726 Cases","volume":"36","author":"Davitt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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