{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:28:05Z","timestamp":1785432485210,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rheumatology Research Foundation Investigator Award"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K23-AR-081409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23-AR-081409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["K23-AR-081409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23-AR-081409"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/006zn3t30","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24-AR078950"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24-AR078950"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["K24-AR078950"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24-AR078950"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cwqze88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to quantify hope levels in adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) and examine patient-reported outcomes associated with hope. Methods: This was an exploratory, cross-sectional, secondary analysis of baseline data from a prospective, single-center longitudinal study of 60 youth presenting for an initial evaluation at a pediatric subspecialty pain clinic. Subjects were English-speaking 12\u201317-year-olds with a diagnosis of CMP, primarily female and non-Hispanic White, with diffuse pain, median pain duration of 2 years, and moderate to severe physical dysfunction. Subjects completed surveys measuring hope (Children\u2019s Hope Scale [CHS]) and patient-reported mental, physical, and overall health. Associations between hope scores (total and each subscale) and patient-reported outcomes were evaluated using Spearman rank correlations. Results: The median CHS score was 20.0 (IQR: 16.5\u201325.0), indicating slight hope. Patient hope was negatively correlated with depression (r = \u22120.61), anxiety (r = \u22120.49), psychological distress (r = \u22120.52), functional disability (r = \u22120.43), and pain interference (r = \u22120.37), but not pain intensity. Adolescents\u2019 hope was positively correlated with resilience (r = 0.74) and overall health (r = 0.55; all p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: Hope is correlated with various patient-reported health measures in youth with CMP. Although causal inferences are not possible due to the cross-sectional nature of this study, the results suggest that hope may be an important coping mechanism in pediatric chronic pain. Future efforts to incorporate existing resilience coaching programs into usual care may improve hope and health-related quality of life in youth with CMP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children13040457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:45:53Z","timestamp":1774615553000},"page":"457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Examining Hope in Adolescents with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Irene","family":"Chern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8786-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nellie","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"},{"name":"Clinical Futures, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA"},{"name":"PolicyLab, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6209-4733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mackenzie","family":"McGill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"},{"name":"Clinical Futures, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA"},{"name":"PolicyLab, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2727-8171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2570-7056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter F.","family":"Cronholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"},{"name":"Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7488-5097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jami F.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PolicyLab, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6036-6715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tonya M.","family":"Palermo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"},{"name":"Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9724-0443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela F.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"},{"name":"Clinical Futures, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7608-607X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abby R.","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Supportive Oncology, Division of Pediatric Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3533-5698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Gmuca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"},{"name":"Clinical Futures, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA"},{"name":"PolicyLab, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003267","article-title":"The prevalence of chronic pain in children and adolescents: A systematic review update and meta-analysis","volume":"165","author":"Chambers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2007.10.015","article-title":"The severity of chronic pediatric pain: An epidemiological study","volume":"9","author":"Huguet","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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