{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:41:57Z","timestamp":1785436917332,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fogarty International Center and the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research of the National Institutes of Health","award":["D43TW009340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW009340"]}]},{"award":["D43TW009340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW009340"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xey9a22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center","award":["U01TW010087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01TW010087"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center","award":["U2RTW010104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2RTW010104"]}]},{"award":["U01TW010087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01TW010087"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xey9a22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["U2RTW010104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2RTW010104"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xey9a22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The main goal of this study is to identify predictors associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seropositivity in children, including demographics, history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection of the child and the household members, prevention practices, and maternal vaccination. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study within the Caribbean Consortium for Research in Environmental and Occupational Health (CCREOH)\/MeKiTamara cohort included 300 mother-child dyads recruited in Paramaribo and Nickerie, Suriname (February\u2013April 2023). The total immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-spike domain 1 (S1) and anti-nucleoprotein (NP) were quantified in dried blood spot (DBS) eluates from children using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Demographic information, COVID-19 prevention measures, history of viral infection of the child and the household members, and COVID-19 vaccination questionnaire data were recorded. Predictors of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence were determined using binary logistic regression. Results: Among 278 seropositive children in 2023, 73.4% were in the 5\u20136-year-old age group, 54.7% were female, 36.3% were of Asian descent, and 69.8% were recruited in Paramaribo. Seroprevalence increased from 33.8% in 2021\u20132022 to 93.3% in 2023, with a mean follow-up of 21.5 months. Of the 100 children previously tested by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) or antigen test, 25 had confirmed COVID-19, as reported by mothers. Children from unvaccinated mothers were 6.11 times more likely to be seropositive (p = 0.022). Conclusions: This study shows a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in Surinamese children aged 3\u20136 years between collection periods, indicating multiple exposures. Future public health interventions and policies should account for maternal vaccination status to reduce children\u2019s exposure to COVID-19 during future outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children13040493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T09:26:12Z","timestamp":1775121972000},"page":"493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence of Surinamese Children and Determinants of Seropositivity in the CCREOH\/MeKiTamara Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0560-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delmaliz","family":"Barreto-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4658-3654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanine M.","family":"Buchanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3826-9358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto T. A.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"},{"name":"Department of Virology and Experimental Therapeutics, Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife 50740465, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9483-8557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah H.","family":"Covert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1062-8670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Firoz","family":"Abdoel Wahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2364-2893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashna D.","family":"Hindori-Mohangoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Perinatal Interventions and Research in Suriname (Perisur), Anton Dragtenweg 93, Paramaribo, Suriname"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4080-3858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilco C. W. R.","family":"Zijlmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Prof. W.J. Flustraat 5, Paramaribo P.O. Box 537, Suriname"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arti","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen Y.","family":"Lichtveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15791","article-title":"COVID-19 in Children: I. Epidemiology, Prevention and Indirect Impacts","volume":"58","author":"Bowen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. 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Lancet, 399, 1489\u20131512."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/13\/4\/493\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T09:54:06Z","timestamp":1775123646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/13\/4\/493"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["children13040493"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children13040493","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]}}}