{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T21:34:43Z","timestamp":1779312883657,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: The fetal-to-neonatal transition is marked by profound cardio-respiratory changes. Infections emerging within the first 48 h after birth may influence early cardiovascular adaptation. We aimed to evaluate the association between early infection\/inflammation markers and vital parameters in neonates during the first 15 min after birth. Methods: This is a secondary outcome parameter post-hoc analysis of data derived from a prospective observation study. Preterm and term neonates with cerebral oxygen saturation (crSO2) monitoring (INVOS 5100C) during the first 15 min after birth and available inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], leukocytes, immature-to-total neutrophils ratio [IT ratio]) within 48 h after birth were included. Heart rate (HR) and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) were continuously recorded during the first 15 min. Inflammatory markers obtained at 16\u201324 and 24\u201348 h after birth were correlated with crSO2, SpO2, and HR at minute 5, 10 and 15. Results: Sixty-eight neonates were included (median (IQR) gestational age 34.0 (32.0; 35.9) weeks, birth weight 1900 (1488; 2542) grams). CRP within the first 24 h correlated negatively with crSO2 (r = \u22120.314; p = 0.011) and with SpO2 (r = \u22120.393; p = 0.001) at minute 15. IT ratio within 24 h correlated negatively with crSO2 at minute 5 (r = \u22120.367; p = 0.005), 10 (r = \u22120.273; p = 0.035), and 15 (r = \u22120.306; p = 0.013), and with SpO2 at minute 5 (r = \u22120.327; p = 0.008). IT ratio at 24\u201348 h correlated negatively with crSO2 at minute 15 (r = \u22120.384, p = 0.012). No significant correlations were observed with HR. Leukocytes within the first 24 h after birth correlated negatively with crSO2 at minute 5 (r = \u22120.265; p = 0.046). Conclusions: Early inflammatory markers, particularly CRP and the IT ratio, are associated with cerebral and systemic oxygenation during immediate postnatal transition. These findings suggest a potential association between early inflammatory activation and oxygenation dynamics; however, given the observational design and modest correlation strength, the results should be interpreted cautiously and do not allow conclusions regarding causality or underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children13040529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T10:20:16Z","timestamp":1775816416000},"page":"529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Monitoring Parameters During the Immediate Postnatal Transition Period and Inflammatory Markers in the First Two Days After Birth\u2014A Retrospective Data Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9770-3487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina H.","family":"Wolfsberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34\/2, 8036 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Research Unit for Optimization of Postnatal Monitoring for Preterm and Term Neonates, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Hierz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34\/2, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Holter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nariae","family":"Baik-Schneditz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34\/2, 8036 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Research Unit for Optimization of Postnatal Monitoring for Preterm and Term Neonates, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0220-5264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ena","family":"Suppan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34\/2, 8036 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Research Unit for Optimization of Postnatal Monitoring for Preterm and Term Neonates, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5499-3712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Schwaberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34\/2, 8036 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Research Unit for Optimization of Postnatal Monitoring for Preterm and Term Neonates, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2405-7143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerhard","family":"Pichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34\/2, 8036 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Research Unit for Neonatal Micro- and Macrocirculation, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"},{"name":"Research Unit for Optimization of Postnatal Monitoring for Preterm and Term Neonates, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Fetal and Neonatal Pulmonary Circulation","volume":"115","author":"Rudolph","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am. 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Dis."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/13\/4\/529\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T10:58:01Z","timestamp":1775818681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/13\/4\/529"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["children13040529"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children13040529","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]}}}