{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T19:19:08Z","timestamp":1793215148231,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in childhood impairs linear growth and may affect body composition, metabolism, and quality of life; recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy improves outcomes, but response is highly variable, especially in idiopathic GHD (IGHD). Objective: To summarize current evidence on predictors of growth response to rhGH therapy in children with IGHD, focusing on clinical, biochemical, and treatment-related determinants. Methods: This is a narrative review dealing with studies assessing clinical, auxological, biochemical and treatment-associated factors that may influence response to rhGH in IGHD. Results: Early treatment initiation, baseline short stature, prepubertal status, and higher early height growth velocity are strong clinical predictors; biochemical markers, including GH peak, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3, provide complementary information. Modifiable factors such as GH dose, adherence to therapy, and therapy duration also influence outcomes. Integrated predictive models improve accuracy but require further validation. Conclusions: Growth response to rhGH in IGHD is multifactorial and could be individualized: early identification of suboptimal responders and personalized treatment strategies that integrate clinical, biochemical, and treatment-related data may optimize the final outcome. Future research studies should focus on validated predictive models incorporating genetic and molecular markers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children13040545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T14:24:58Z","timestamp":1776176698000},"page":"545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Predictors of Response to Growth Hormone Therapy in Children with Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8591-0964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignazio","family":"Cammisa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, San Giovanni Evangelista Hospital, 00019 Tivoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"De Fortuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0138-3792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Rulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7032-7779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donato","family":"Rigante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clelia","family":"Cipolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220504","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-22-0504","article-title":"Diagnosis and testing for growth hormone deficiency across the ages: A global view of the accuracy, caveats, and cut-offs for diagnosis","volume":"12","author":"Yuen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr. 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