{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T08:56:46Z","timestamp":1776329806282,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Soonchunhyang University Research Fund","award":["P0018140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0018140"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rare benign cartilaginous bone tumor, accounting for less than 1% of all primary bone tumors. Although CMF most commonly arises in the metaphysis of long bones, involvement of the phalanges of the toes is uncommon. We report a pediatric case of CMF arising in the distal phalanx of the second toe that recurred four years after initial surgical treatment and discuss its management. Methods: A 10-year-old girl presented with a painless mass in the distal phalanx of the second toe. Imaging studies demonstrated an expansile osteolytic lesion with cortical thinning, showing a somewhat aggressive radiologic appearance. Intralesional curettage and debridement were performed to preserve the digit, and the bone defect was reconstructed using allogenic cancellous bone graft and demineralized bone matrix. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of CMF. Results: Four years later, the patient returned with progressive enlargement of the lesion, indicating tumor recurrence. Because of the recurrent nature of the tumor and progressive cosmetic deformity and recurrence-related anxiety, distal phalangectomy was performed. At the one-year follow-up, the patient showed no evidence of recurrence and maintained satisfactory functional and cosmetic outcomes. Conclusions: CMF of the toe phalanx may show delayed recurrence after curettage, requiring prolonged radiologic surveillance. In recurrent cases, definitive resection should be considered based on a combination of oncologic, anatomic, and patient-centered factors, with distal phalangectomy providing reliable local control in anatomically expendable digits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children13040552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T07:37:19Z","timestamp":1776325039000},"page":"552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recurrent Chondromyxoid Fibroma of the Second Toe Distal Phalanx Treated with Distal Phalangectomy: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jun Yong","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Sooncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4579-1008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woo-Jong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Sooncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Sooncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byungsung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, 170, Jomaru-ro, Bucheon-si 14584, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun Deuk","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Sooncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ki Jin","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Sooncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"541","article-title":"Chondromyxoid fibroma of bone; a distinctive benign tumor likely to be mistaken especially for chondrosarcoma","volume":"45","author":"Jaffe","year":"1948","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"Diagnosis and literature review of chondromyxoid fibroma\u2014A pathological puzzle","volume":"9","author":"HemanthaKumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050313X231152367","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313X231152367","article-title":"Chondromyxoid fibroma: A rare benign tumor with potential for local recurrence","volume":"11","author":"Lodhia","year":"2023","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.52312\/jdrs.2024.1620","article-title":"Chondromyxoid fibroma: A retrospective evaluation of 31 cases","volume":"35","author":"Karaca","year":"2024","journal-title":"Jt. Dis. Relat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(98)90058-2","article-title":"Chondromyxoid fibroma of bone: A clinicopathologic review of 278 cases","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198365020-00008","article-title":"Chondromyxoid fibroma: The experience at the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli","volume":"65","author":"Gherlinzoni","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.10.2024.068","article-title":"Chondromyxoid fibroma of phalanges","volume":"25","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"e7133","article-title":"Chondromyxoid fibroma of distal phalanx of the great toe: A rare clinical entity","volume":"12","author":"Vasudeva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.62347\/MHUS7790","article-title":"Chondromyxoid fibroma of distal phalanx of great toe: A rare case report with literature review","volume":"14","author":"Jilani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Burn. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2014.41.3.302","article-title":"Chondromyxoid fibroma of the finger","volume":"41","author":"Hwang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160088","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20160088","article-title":"Imaging features of chondromyxoid fibroma: Report of 15 cases and literature review","volume":"89","author":"Cappelle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001921","article-title":"GRM1 immunohistochemistry distinguishes chondromyxoid fibroma from its histologic mimics","volume":"46","author":"Toland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"10","article-title":"Recurrence of chondromyxoid fibroma of great toe","volume":"17","author":"Mallya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Online J. Health Allied Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.18231\/j.ijpo.2023.088","article-title":"A rare case of chondromyxoid fibroma of distal phalanx of great toe","volume":"10","author":"Kashyap","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Pathol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000174685.62379.6a","article-title":"Chondromyxoid fibroma: A rarely encountered and puzzling tumor","volume":"439","author":"Lersundi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-12-283","article-title":"Chondromyxoid fibroma management: A single institution experience of 22 cases","volume":"12","author":"Bhamra","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kruiswijk, A.A., Dorleijn, D.M.J., Marang-van de Mheen, P.J., van de Sande, M.A.J., and van Bodegom-Vos, L. (2023). Health-related quality of life of bone and soft-tissue tumor patients around the time of diagnosis. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15102804"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05192-y","article-title":"Shared decision making in primary malignant bone tumour surgery around the knee in children and young adults: Protocol for a prospective study","volume":"19","author":"Blom","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcped.2023.100138","article-title":"Shared decision making in primary malignant bone tumour surgery in children and young adults","volume":"3","author":"Blom","year":"2024","journal-title":"EJC Paediatr. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/13\/4\/552\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T08:00:55Z","timestamp":1776326455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/13\/4\/552"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["children13040552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children13040552","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]}}}