{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T21:14:34Z","timestamp":1778274874968,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience persistent physical symptoms and psychosocial challenges that can impair functioning and quality of life. Health mindset, beliefs about whether health is fixed versus malleable and responsive to effort, is linked to positive health outcomes but has not been examined in AYAs with IBD. This study evaluated the internal reliability of a health mindset measure in AYAs with IBD and examined associations between health mindset and depressive symptoms, peer relationships, global health, pain interference, fatigue, and disease activity. Methods: Participants were 101 AYAs with IBD (M = 18.4 years; 54.4% ulcerative colitis; 63.4% female) recruited from an outpatient pediatric IBD clinic and a national IBD network. Participants completed a one-time online survey consisting of the Health Mindset Scale, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures for physical, psychosocial, and global health outcomes, and IBD disease activity indices. Results: The Health Mindset Scale demonstrated good internal reliability in this sample. Additionally, a growth health mindset was significantly associated with lower pain interference, lower Crohn\u2019s disease activity, and better global health. No significant associations were observed between health mindset and depressive symptoms, peer relationship quality, fatigue, or ulcerative colitis disease activity. Conclusions: This novel study provides initial evidence that health mindset is associated with clinically meaningful outcomes in AYAs with IBD. These findings highlight that health mindset may be an important psychological construct in chronic illness adjustment and management, extending mindset theory and research to a young clinical population with IBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children13050658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T20:11:13Z","timestamp":1778271073000},"page":"658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Health Mindset in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Exploring the Relationship Between Health Mindset and Key Physical and Psychosocial Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Callie","family":"Goodman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2742-0917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Neiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"},{"name":"DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37752, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6621-6125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann Ming","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Bensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anava","family":"Wren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diez-Martin, E., Hernandez-Suarez, L., Munoz-Villafranca, C., Martin-Souto, L., Astigarraga, E., Ramirez-Garcia, A., and Barreda-Gomez, G. (2024). Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Analysis of Molecular Bases, Predictive Biomarkers, Diagnostic Methods, and Therapeutic Options. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137062"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"2","article-title":"Classification of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"170","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volpato, E., Bosio, C., Previtali, E., Leone, S., Armuzzi, A., Pagnini, F., and Graffigna, G. (2021). The evolution of IBD perceived engagement and care needs across the life-cycle: A scoping review. BMC Gastroenterol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-01850-1"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.01.024","article-title":"Disease Monitoring in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Evolving Principles and Possibilities","volume":"162","author":"Plevris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827613488867","article-title":"Long-Term Adherence to Health Behavior Change","volume":"7","author":"Middleton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Lifestyle Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.1982","article-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children and Adolescents","volume":"169","author":"Rosen","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"111934","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease in paediatrics: Navigating the old challenges and emerging frontiers","volume":"31","author":"Saeed","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amaro, F., and Chiarelli, F. (2020). Growth and Puberty in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Biomedicines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8110458"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17562848241290685","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848241290685","article-title":"Exploring the management and treatment of IBD from the perspective of psychological comorbidities","volume":"17","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182841263","article-title":"Psychosocial issues in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: Report of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition","volume":"56","author":"Mackner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-020-02653-9","article-title":"Depression, anxiety, and loneliness among adolescents and young adults with IBD in the UK: The role of disease severity, age of onset, and embarrassment of the condition","volume":"30","author":"Qualter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izae121","article-title":"Does Improving Depression Symptoms in Young Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Alter Their Microbiome?","volume":"30","author":"Davies","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15855","article-title":"Bidirectional association between inflammatory bowel disease and depression among patients and their unaffected siblings","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2337\/ds15-0060","article-title":"Illness-Specific Risk-Taking in Adolescence: A Missing Piece of the Nonadherence Puzzle for Youth With Type 1 Diabetes?","volume":"30","author":"Wasserman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2025.101147","article-title":"Psychological distress predicts disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease: Results from the mind-body IBD longitudinal study","volume":"51","author":"Seaton","year":"2026","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun. Health"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2020.23.3.286","article-title":"Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Impact and Predictive Factors","volume":"23","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, K., Chun, J., Han, K., Park, S., Soh, H., Kim, J., Lee, J., Lee, H.J., Im, J.P., and Kim, J.S. (2019). Risk of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8050654"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-025-08959-8","article-title":"Effectiveness of self-management intervention program based on Self-Determination Theory and Solution-Focused Approach in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S106302","article-title":"Self-management in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Strategies, outcomes, and integration into clinical care","volume":"9","author":"Plevinsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182999b21","article-title":"Self-management in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: A clinical report of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition","volume":"57","author":"Hommel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2020.110323","article-title":"Stressful life events, depression, and the moderating role of psychophysiological reactivity in patients with pediatric inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"141","author":"Cushman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1279","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000001279","article-title":"Pain Trajectories in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Disease Severity, Optimism, and Pain Self-efficacy","volume":"41","author":"Nabbijohn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendiolaza, M., Ogundipe, T., Arroyave-Villada, J., Adeonigbagbe, O., Gorbenko, K., and Keefer, L. (2024). Investigating resilience in patients with IBD: Preliminary insights for understanding disease-specific resilience skills. Front. Psychol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1486401"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hilow, E., Barry, J., Mistry Ambani, N., Eshleman, K., Worley, S., Liu, W., and Kurowski, J.A. (2025). Resilience in Pediatric-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Associations with Age, Therapy Change, and Health-Related Quality of Life. Children, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/children12081062"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2025.2529208","article-title":"Psychosocial care needs of emerging adults with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"19","author":"Stephen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsab115","article-title":"Health Mindsets in Pediatric Chronic Headache","volume":"47","author":"Caruso","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-021-02040-z","article-title":"Resilience Factors in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Health Care Provider, Parent and Youth Perspectives","volume":"30","author":"Forgeron","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Child Fam. Stud."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001552","article-title":"Validation of a Self-efficacy Scale for Adolescents and Young Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"65","author":"Thapaliya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2024.114244","article-title":"Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Health Insurance Knowledge and Self-Efficacy in Adolescents and Young Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"275","author":"Cruz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.02.017","article-title":"Self-efficacy in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: A pilot study of the \u201cIBD-yourself\u201d, a disease-specific questionnaire","volume":"7","author":"Zijlstra","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691618804166","article-title":"Mindsets: A View From Two Eras","volume":"14","author":"Dweck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.75.1.33","article-title":"Praise for intelligence can undermine children\u2019s motivation and performance","volume":"75","author":"Mueller","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2012.722805","article-title":"Mindsets That Promote Resilience: When Students Believe That Personal Characteristics Can Be Developed","volume":"47","author":"Yeager","year":"2012","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-024-03282-3","article-title":"A standardized treatment protocol for pilonidal disease can influence the health mindset of adolescents","volume":"409","author":"Mueller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch. Surg."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.4545","article-title":"Changing Mindsets to Enhance Treatment Effectiveness","volume":"317","author":"Crum","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0001396","article-title":"Evaluation of the \u201crethink stress\u201d mindset intervention: A metacognitive approach to changing mindsets","volume":"152","author":"Crum","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2020.104889","article-title":"The development of grit and growth mindset during adolescence","volume":"198","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Child Psychol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21394","article-title":"ImproveCareNow: The development of a pediatric inflammatory bowel disease improvement network","volume":"17","author":"Crandall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105319901284","article-title":"Health mindsets as a predictor of physical activity and body mass index in American Indian college students","volume":"26","author":"Tintzman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-021-09972-2","article-title":"The Influence of Health Mindset on Perceptions of Illness and Behaviors Among Adolescents","volume":"28","author":"Wright","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032670","article-title":"PROMIS Pediatric Peer Relationships Scale: Development of a peer relationships item bank as part of social health measurement","volume":"32","author":"Dewalt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9619-3","article-title":"An item response analysis of the pediatric PROMIS anxiety and depressive symptoms scales","volume":"19","author":"Irwin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000003101","article-title":"Validity and Responsiveness of the Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System in Children with Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"73","author":"Brenner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa083","article-title":"Responsiveness of the Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Measures to Changes in Disease Status and Quality of Life Among Children and Adolescents with Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"27","author":"Brenner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-020-00482-1","article-title":"Use of PROMIS(R) to screen for depression in children with arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Rheumatol. Online J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-022-04408-9","article-title":"Advances in measuring pediatric overall health: The PROMIS(R) Pediatric Global Health scale (PGH-7)","volume":"181","author":"Luijten","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152111","article-title":"Reliability and validity of PROMIS physical function, pain interference, and fatigue as patient reported outcome measures in adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: International study from the OMERACT myositis working group","volume":"58","author":"DiRenzo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21400","article-title":"Short CDAI: Development and validation of a shortened and simplified Crohn\u2019s disease activity index","volume":"17","author":"Thia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-024-02330-2","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of patient-reported-outcome-measurement information system in Pediatric Crohn\u2019s Disease: A cross-sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Azevedo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000568","article-title":"Feasibility and validity of the pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index in routine clinical practice","volume":"60","author":"Dotson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182099018","article-title":"Agreement Between Patient- and Physician-completed Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index Scores","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2013.08.007","article-title":"Symptoms and quality of life indicators among children with chronic medical conditions","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Disabil. Health J."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1998). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Routledge."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjae.2017.09.001","article-title":"Living well with chronic pain: The role of pain-management programmes","volume":"18","author":"Brook","year":"2018","journal-title":"BJA Educ."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/SGA.0000000000000831","article-title":"Effects of Positive Psychological Interventions on Psychological Outcomes, Quality of Life, and Inflammation Biomarkers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"47","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsu091","article-title":"\u201cPain Can\u2019t Stop Me\u201d: Examining Pain Self-Efficacy and Acceptance as Resilience Processes Among Youth with Chronic Headache","volume":"40","author":"Kalapurakkel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1307","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000001307","article-title":"Pain Acceptance in Adolescent Chronic Pain: Do Body Mindsets Play a Role?","volume":"41","author":"Dowling","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000639","article-title":"Risk and Resilience in Pediatric Pain: The Roles of Parent and Adolescent Catastrophizing and Acceptance","volume":"34","author":"Feinstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pico, M., Matey-Rodriguez, C., Dominguez-Garcia, A., Yubero, N., and Santos-Lozano, A. (2025). Pain Neuroscience Education in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review. Children, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/children12101317"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2023.07.030","article-title":"Body Mindsets are Associated with Pain and Threat-Related Risk Factors for Pain in Survivors of Childhood Cancer","volume":"25","author":"Dowling","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0696-y","article-title":"Mindfulness improves inflammatory biomarker levels in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Ng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.62641\/aep.v52i4.1559","article-title":"Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Psychological Comorbidities in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"52","author":"Qian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Actas Esp. Psiquiatr."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6071","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63168-4","article-title":"The effect of a mindfulness-based therapy on different biomarkers among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Cebolla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2025.112142","article-title":"Psychological well-being is the major determinant of global health in the first year following a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in children","volume":"194","author":"Mekhael","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e34445","article-title":"The relationship between growth mindset and cognitive fusion in college students is mediated by bias towards negative information","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao, W., Zhao, D., Yue, H., Horton, I., Tian, X., Xu, Z., and Sun, H.J. (2022). The Influence of Growth Mindset on the Mental Health and Life Events of College Students. Front. Psychol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.821206"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2016.1275585","article-title":"The role of stress mindset in shaping cognitive, emotional, and physiological responses to challenging and threatening stress","volume":"30","author":"Crum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Coping"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.59249\/CPTG1770","article-title":"The Power of Thought: The Role of Psychological Attentiveness and Emotional Support in Patient Trajectories","volume":"97","author":"Prabakar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/13\/5\/658\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T20:37:59Z","timestamp":1778272679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/13\/5\/658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["children13050658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children13050658","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]}}}