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The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene has been widely linked to obesity risk, particularly the rs9939609 polymorphism, which is associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and adiposity. However, evidence in adolescents remains inconsistent, and lifestyle factors such as physical activity and diet may modify genetic risk. The objectives of this study were: (i) to examine the influence of environmental, genetic, physical activity, and dietary factors on the BMI and overweight-related variables of adolescents, and (ii) to assess the impact of the rs9939609 polymorphism in the FTO gene on these variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 206 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years. Body mass index (BMI), physical fitness, physical activity levels, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, mobile phone usage, and FTO rs9939609 genotyping from buccal swabs were collected. Results: No significant associations were found between the FTO genotype and BMI, or with physical activity, mobile phone usage and dietary habits. Boys showed higher physical fitness and physical activity levels than girls (p &lt; 0.05). The only factor significantly associated with BMI was regular breakfast consumption: adolescents who habitually ate breakfast had a lower prevalence of overweight (\u03c72 = 7.98, p = 0.005). Conclusions: The rs9939609 polymorphism in the FTO gene was not associated with overweight in this adolescent cohort. The findings underscore the relevance of healthy behaviours, particularly regular breakfast consumption and physical activity, especially among boys, as factors potentially associated with lower prevalence of overweight during adolescence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children13060782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T06:04:12Z","timestamp":1780553052000},"page":"782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond the FTO Gene: Environmental and Behavioural Factors Associated with BMI and Overweight in Spanish Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Luciana","family":"Margara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3345-820X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"Pi\u00f1as-Bonilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6976-0740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Abi\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0476-066X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Bravo-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2930-829X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Ortiz-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7898-1254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Ram\u00edrez-delaCruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7690-9734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Esteban-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6264-5520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Portillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9635-3289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Abi\u00e1n-Vic\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"614","article-title":"Association of fat-mass and obesity-associated gene FTO rs9939609 polymorphism with the risk of obesity among children and adolescents: A meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Quan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. 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