{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T13:14:15Z","timestamp":1783430055220,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Family-centered care (FCC) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) can improve infant and family outcomes. Inconsistencies in outcome reporting across FCC trials limits the comparability of findings. Aim: To develop a core outcome set (COS) for evaluating FCC interventions in neonatal intensive care settings. Methods: A list of outcomes was generated through systematic reviews and stakeholder focus groups. A three-round eDelphi study with stakeholders was conducted, followed by an expert consensus meeting. Results: The reviews and focus groups identified 72 outcomes for round 1. Sixty-three healthcare professionals (HCP), 37 parents and five ex-NICU patients completed round 1, with 12 new outcomes suggested. In round 2, 54 HCP, 28 parents and four ex-NICU patients scored 84 outcomes, resulting in the exclusion of 12 low-importance outcomes. In round 3, 45 HCP, 28 parents, and two ex-NICU patients scored the remaining 72 outcomes. Overall, 71% of participants completed all three rounds. Round 3 yielded 48 outcomes that met the predefined consensus criteria and were taken forward to the expert consensus meeting. The final 10 COS outcomes included six outcomes related to parents, namely, bonding with their infant, participation in care, parental readiness for discharge, stress, shared decision-making, and parental knowledge of the infant\u2019s care and treatment, and four outcomes related to infants, namely, infant pain and stress, growth, nosocomial infection, and length of NICU stays. Conclusions: A COS for FCC research and practice in neonatal intensive care settings has been established. Implementation of this COS may improve reporting consistency and strengthen evidence synthesis across FCC trails, thereby better informing care delivery in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children13070862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T10:01:17Z","timestamp":1782813677000},"page":"862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Core Outcome Set for Family-Centered Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Settings: An International eDelphi Study and Online Consensus Meeting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0427-1444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cansel","family":"Kocakabak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes van den","family":"Hoogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Women and Baby, Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelia","family":"Abenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants, 81379 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2743-3589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Axelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9090-2395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen M.","family":"Benzies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 416, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia N.","family":"Bonnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melletted a Helyem Egyes\u00fclet Right(s) Beside You Association, 1013 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4784-5428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrix","family":"Callard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Windhoek Central Hospital, Namibia International University of Management, Windhoek 10000, Namibia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6645-2809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marsha","family":"Campbell-Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4291-9181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda S.","family":"Franck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Anne","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infant Research Centre, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pernilla","family":"R\u00f6nnholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prematurf\u00f6reningen Mirakel, 416 74 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4242-754X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Schofield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0222-8132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole R. van","family":"Veenendaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emma Children\u2019s Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Vavouraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants, Associations for Premature Newborns, 11521 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4210-8509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Zanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women, Children and Adolescents, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8087-6461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos M.","family":"Latour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Curtin School of Nursing, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2024.10.029","article-title":"Global burden of neonatal preterm birth: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"238","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Public 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