{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T09:44:20Z","timestamp":1785836660997,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020378","name":"NTT Communication Science Laboratories","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020378","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The Functional Listening Index\u2014Paediatric (FLI-P) tracks functional listening development from birth to six years but lacks Japanese-language norms. This study translated the FLI-P into Japanese (FLI-P(J)) to generate normative developmental trajectories for typically hearing children. Methods: Following translation, the FLI-P(J) was administered as an online caregiver survey in Japan. After applying sequential exclusion criteria (removing developmental concerns, zero scores, and IQR outliers) to 2976 responses, a normative sample of 2512 typically hearing children (2\u201373 months) was retained. Four parameter logistic functions were fitted to empirical percentile trajectories (5th\u201395th). Results: FLI-P(J) scores demonstrated rapid growth across the first three years before gradually plateauing. Phase-level acquisition curves confirmed the expected developmental ordering. Most clinically flagged children scored at or below the 5th percentile. Conclusions: This study establishes the first Japanese normative reference curves for functional listening. This cross-linguistic alignment, together with preliminary evidence that clinically flagged children scored at the low end of the distribution, supports the potential of the FLI-P(J) as a clinical benchmark for evaluating Japanese children who are deaf or hard of hearing, pending further validation in independently confirmed clinical samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children13081010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T08:09:42Z","timestamp":1785398982000},"page":"1010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Japanese Version of the Functional Listening Index\u2014Paediatric (FLI-P(J)): Translation, Normative Data, and Clinical Feasibility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jason","family":"Hollowell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Musashi University, Tokyo 176-8534, Japan"},{"name":"Speech Language Hearing Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka City 420-0881, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6671-460X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tessei","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5833-7891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeto","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech Language Hearing Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka City 420-0881, Japan"},{"name":"Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka City 420-0881, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleisha","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Shepherd Centre, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, December 16). Functional Listening Index\u2014Paediatric\u00ae\u2014The Shepherd Centre. Available online: https:\/\/shepherdcentre.org.au\/how-we-help\/programs-and-services\/download-functional-listening-index-paediatric\/."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2025, December 16). FLI-P\u00ae\u2014Hearhub. Available online: https:\/\/hearhub.org\/hearhub-features\/fli-p\/."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis, A., Harrison, E., and Cowan, R. (2022). The Feasibility of the Functional Listening Index\u2014Paediatric (FLI-P\u00ae) for Young Children with Hearing Loss. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11102764"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cowan, R.S.C., Davis, A., Watkins, P., Neal, K., Brookman, R., Seeto, M., and Oliver, J. (2024). Tracking Listening Skill Development in Infants and Children with Hearing Loss: A Normative Dataset for the Functional Listening Index\u2014Paediatric (FLI-P\u00ae). Children, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/children11091052"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"183","article-title":"The Functional Listening Index For Pediatric (FLI-P): Translation and Adaptation into the Malay Language and Psychometric Properties Evaluation","volume":"2025","author":"Haris","year":"2025","journal-title":"Kuantan Pahang Kulliyyah Allied Health Sci. Int. Islam. Univ. Malays"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2025.106258","article-title":"Learning novel transitive verbs in causative action events: A cross-linguistic comparison between English- and Japanese-speaking infants","volume":"256","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Exp. Child. 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Children, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/children11060745"}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/13\/8\/1010\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T08:50:42Z","timestamp":1785833442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/13\/8\/1010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["children13081010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children13081010","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]}}}