{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T04:47:51Z","timestamp":1785905271824,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of Health Research at La Paz University Hospital \u2013 IdiPAZ","award":["2023.198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.198"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Health Research at La Paz University Hospital \u2013 IdiPAZ","award":["2023.198."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.198."]}]},{"award":["2023.198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.198"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cby8j38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2023.198."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.198."]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01cby8j38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: To explore nursing team perceptions of sleep and sleep-disrupting factors in critically ill pediatric patients. Methodology: Convergent mixed-methods study comprising an exploratory qualitative and descriptive cross-sectional quantitative. For the qualitative component, the population consisted of the PICU nursing team with \u22653 years of experience until theoretical saturation was reached. Semi-structured interviews were conducted regarding their perceptions of sleep in critically ill children. Data were analyzed using transcription, immersive reading, and coding. For the quantitative component, the population was selected using convenience sampling without exclusion. The variables were years of experience, professional category, and factors affecting rest. Data were collected using an ad hoc Likert-type questionnaire. For the analysis, the median and interquartile range were calculated for quantitative variables, and frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variables. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Ten interviews were conducted, revealing three main categories: \u201cFactors Affecting Sleep,\u201d with noise, nighttime interventions, and light as the most frequent codes; \u201cConsequences of Sleep Disturbances,\u201d with delirium and recovery as the most frequent codes; and \u201cPerception of Sleep in the PICU and Need for Professional Awareness\u201d. For the quantitative results, 78.3% (n = 65) of the nursing team participated. Among the factors affecting rest, the most relevant were \u201cInadequately controlled pain,\u201d identified as \u201cHighly relevant\u201d by 84.6%, and \u201cDelirium,\u201d \u201cWithdrawal syndrome,\u201d \u201cLight,\u201d \u201cNocturnal environmental noise,\u201d and \u201cNighttime interventions\/procedures,\u201d identified as \u201cHighly relevant\u201d by over 70%. In contrast, \u201cContinuous nocturnal glucose administration\u201d was identified as \u201cSlightly\/Not relevant\u201d by almost 40%. Differences between nurses and nursing assistants were observed regarding the perceived relevance of nocturnal environmental noise, delirium, physical restraints and continuous nocturnal glucose administration (p \u2264 0.05). Conclusions: Qualitative and quantitative results concur in identifying, from the perspective of nursing professionals in a single PICU, noise, light, interventions, and delirium as negative factors for rest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children13081035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T14:16:27Z","timestamp":1785766587000},"page":"1035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Nursing Team Perceptions of Sleep in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients: A Mixed-Methods Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Alicia","family":"Gomez-Merino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research\u2014IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital\u2014Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid\u2014Getafe Universitary Hospital\u2014Universidad Europea de Madrid), 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, National Distance Education University (UNED), 28015 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Villanueva de la Ca\u00f1ada Campus, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paloma M.","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Yebra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Lobato-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Villanueva de la Ca\u00f1ada Campus, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Villanueva de la Ca\u00f1ada Campus, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Villanueva de la Ca\u00f1ada Campus, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"PhD Programme in Comprehensive Care and Health Services, Doctoral School, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Piqueras-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Villanueva de la Ca\u00f1ada Campus, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Care Research Group, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research\u2014IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital\u2014Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid\u2014Getafe Universitary Hospital\u2014Universidad Europea de Madrid), 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desiree","family":"Alcaraz-Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Romeral-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Mart\u00edn-Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5317-5811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Luna-Casta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Villanueva de la Ca\u00f1ada Campus, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Care and Services Research Unit (Invest\u00e9n-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"Sleep and Neuropsychomotor Development: Impacts of Sleep Restriction in Childhood","volume":"1","author":"Freres","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. 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