{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T04:21:55Z","timestamp":1787718115644,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"Gulf States Collaborative Center for Health Policy Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54MD008602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD008602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031602","name":"American Council on Exercise","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04dnx8c79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health","award":["U54GM10940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54GM10940"]}]},{"award":["U54GM10940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54GM10940"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q48ey07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Household poverty may shape physical activity (PA), screen time, and sleep during early childhood, but longitudinal evidence among preschool-aged children remains limited. This study examined longitudinal associations between household poverty status and these movement behaviors over 1 year. Methods: Data from 66 children aged 3\u20134.9 years were analyzed at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Parents reported sociodemographic characteristics and screen time, with poverty defined using household income and size. ActiGraph accelerometers (GT3X+) were worn for 7 days to estimate MVPA and nighttime sleep. Mixed-effects models examined associations between poverty status and each behavior, adjusting for child age, sex, race, and BMI percentile. Poverty status was assessed at each time point and treated as a time-varying exposure, and Time \u00d7 Poverty interactions were included to test whether changes differed by poverty status. Results: At baseline, children living at\/below the poverty level had higher screen time than children living above the poverty level (8.3 vs. 3.2 h\/day, p &lt; 0.05), and this descriptive difference remained at follow-up (7.0 vs. 3.1 h\/day; p &lt; 0.05). In adjusted linear mixed-effects models, children living at\/below the poverty level had 2.8 additional hours\/day of screen time at baseline (\u03b2 = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.19\u20134.49, p = 0.001). The Time \u00d7 Poverty interaction for screen time was not statistically significant (p = 0.64), suggesting no detectable difference in changes over time by poverty status. Poverty status was not significantly associated with MVPA or nighttime sleep, and their interactions with time were also not significant. Conclusion: Screen time was the only movement behavior independently associated with household poverty in this cohort. The non-significant findings for MVPA and nighttime sleep should be interpreted cautiously because of a small poverty subgroup and limited precision. Future studies should examine factors contributing to elevated screen use and evaluate strategies to reduce screen exposure among children from low-income households.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children13091132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T13:20:43Z","timestamp":1787577643000},"page":"1132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Household Poverty and Movement Behaviors in Preschool Children: A Longitudinal Study of Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TSET Health Promotion Research Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Campus, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"},{"name":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8086-2679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerraco L.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4235-139X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. Kipling","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9280-6022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter T.","family":"Katzmarzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7846-046X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda E.","family":"Staiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.10.008","article-title":"What keeps low-SES children from sleeping well: The role of presleep worries and sleep environment","volume":"16","author":"Bagley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2018.04.170261","article-title":"Socioeconomic Status and Other Factors Associated with Childhood Obesity","volume":"31","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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