{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T05:17:37Z","timestamp":1787894257689,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003206","name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0296ss903","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Maternal depressive symptoms have been associated with adverse child and family outcomes, including child behavioural problems, suboptimal parenting quality, and increased child screen time. However, the developmental pathways linking these factors remain poorly understood. The first model of this study examined whether children\u2019s behavioural problems mediated associations between maternal depressive symptoms and later parenting quality (i.e., nurturant, hostile, consistent). The second model then investigated whether these pathways extended to preschool children\u2019s screen time during the pre-bedtime period. Methods: Longitudinal data from the APrON Study (N = 373 dyads) were analyzed. A mean score for maternal depressive symptoms (EPDS) was derived using data collected across pregnancy and 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum. At age 3 years, child behaviour was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist. At 5 years, parenting quality was measured using the Parenting Scale, and children\u2019s screen time (frequency of use before bedtime) was assessed using a single maternal-reported item developed by the APrON team. Parallel and parallel serial mediation models were estimated using structural equation modeling. Findings: Maternal depressive symptoms were indirectly associated with more hostile parenting through children\u2019s externalizing problems (p &lt; 0.01, 95% CI [0.02, 0.11]) and directly associated with less nurturant parenting (p = 0.02, 95% CI [\u22120.19, \u22120.02]). Results from the parallel serial mediation model indicated that maternal depressive symptoms were indirectly associated with greater child screen time via children\u2019s externalizing problems (p = 0.02, 95% CI [0.01, 0.06]). Significance: These findings suggest that children\u2019s externalizing problems may represent a plausible pathway linking maternal depressive symptoms with later maternal hostile parenting and preschool children\u2019s screen time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children13091144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:11:15Z","timestamp":1787731875000},"page":"1144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developmental Pathways Linking Maternal Depressive Symptoms with Parenting Quality and Preschool Children\u2019s Screen Time: The Role of Children\u2019s Behavioural Problems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7693-2424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Kurbatfinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Owerko Centre, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3738-0322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, Data Science and Analytics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1323-5832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Dewey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Owerko Centre, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda M. Y.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7468-915X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Letourneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Owerko Centre, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Perinatal depression: Implications for child mental health","volume":"7","author":"Muzik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ment. 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