{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:18:44Z","timestamp":1788430724472,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: To compare, in vitro, the marginal and internal fit and marginal microleakage of preformed metal crowns (PMCs) placed with the conventional, Hall, and modified Hall techniques and cemented with three ion-releasing, resin- or glass-ionomer-matrix luting materials: a bioactive resin-matrix cement (ACTIVA\u2122 BioACTIVE-CEMENT), a bioceramic calcium aluminate cement (Calibra\u00ae Bio), and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC; Riva Luting Plus). Methods: Forty-five extracted human primary molars were randomly allocated to three preparation groups (n = 15), each subdivided by cement (n = 5). After thermocycling (500 cycles, 5\u201355 \u00b0C, dwell time: 15 s, transfer time: 10 s), specimens were immersed in 1% methylene blue for 24 h, sectioned buccolingually, and examined by image analysis (ImageJ). Microleakage was quantified as the percentage of the crown\u2013tooth interface showing dye penetration; marginal and internal fit were measured at thirteen points across marginal, axial, angular, and occlusal regions. Results: Marginal gap did not differ significantly among techniques or cements (p &gt; 0.05). A significant region \u00d7 technique interaction (p = 0.025) localised the technique effect to the angular region, where the Hall technique produced a larger gap than conventional preparation (p = 0.004). Microleakage was significantly greater for the Hall than the conventional technique (p = 0.045), with the modified Hall being intermediate. Cement had no significant effect, and fit and microleakage were uncorrelated. Conclusions: Preparation technique, rather than cement, was the principal determinant of seal and angular fit; ACTIVA\u2122 BioACTIVE-CEMENT and Calibra\u00ae Bio performed comparably to RMGIC under the conditions tested. Clinical studies of a modified Hall technique incorporating a defined occluso-axial bevel are warranted to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children13091187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T09:20:43Z","timestamp":1788427243000},"page":"1187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Marginal Fit, Internal Adaptation, and Microleakage of Preformed Metal Crowns: Impact of Three Preparation Techniques and Three Ion-Releasing Cements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5210-5128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanaa N.","family":"Al-Haj Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Al-Mulaydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haneen","family":"Alsamaani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Al-Mulaydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shatha","family":"Aldhilan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Second Cluster RC2, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 13316, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruba","family":"Alodaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Al-Mulaydah 52571, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.2014.89","article-title":"The success of stainless steel crowns placed with the Hall technique: A retrospective study","volume":"145","author":"Ludwig","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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