{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:15:35Z","timestamp":1790806535634,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The period between 12 and 16 years of age coincides with peak pubertal change, declining habitual physical activity, and the consolidation of lifelong behavioral patterns, making it a critical window for understanding how fitness develops and how stable (or unstable) it is over time. This review aims to synthesize longitudinal evidence addressing how HRPF changes and tracks in adolescents aged approximately 12 to 16 years, the sex- and maturation-related modifiers of these patterns, the methodological approaches used to assess them, and the secular and behavioral context within which they occur. Methods: A structured narrative review was conducted searching four electronic databases\u2014Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus\u2014using terms combining concepts of adolescence, health-related physical fitness, and longitudinal study design published up to April 2026. Reference lists of retrieved systematic reviews and meta-analyses were snowball-searched. Eligible studies employed longitudinal or repeated-measures designs in samples overlapping the 12\u201316-year age range; no formal risk-of-bias appraisal or quantitative pooling was undertaken, consistent with the narrative-review design. Findings were synthesized narratively by HRPF component and thematic domain. Results: Cardiorespiratory fitness rises through early adolescence before plateauing or declining from approximately age 15 in one longitudinal cohort, more markedly in boys; muscular power and strength diverge increasingly by sex, a pattern consistent with androgen-mediated gains in lean mass in boys, although this mechanism was not directly tested here; flexibility remains the most stable component; and body composition acts as both an outcome and a determinant of other fitness test performance. Within-adolescence tracking is moderate-to-high for most components in the single available 3-year cohort of adolescent girls that reported component-specific tracking coefficients (e.g., lower-limb power \u03b2 = 0.98, aerobic endurance \u03b2 = 0.75, trunk muscular endurance \u03b2 = 0.51), and substantially stronger than tracking from childhood into adolescence. Secular trends indicate population-level fitness has declined in many countries over recent decades, with adolescents showing greater decline than children. Conclusions: Early-to-mid adolescence appears to be a critical and time-limited opportunity to consider for fitness-promoting intervention: fitness rank is still somewhat malleable, but shows progressively stronger tracking with age\u2014a pattern of rank stability that should not itself be read as evidence about responsiveness to intervention. Methodological heterogeneity in test batteries, follow-up duration, and tracking statistics limits direct comparability across studies. Future research should incorporate maturity-status indicators, multi-wave designs, and harmonized assessment protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children13091208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T12:12:25Z","timestamp":1788783145000},"page":"1208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Longitudinal Change and Tracking of Health-Related Physical Fitness in Adolescents Aged 12\u201316 Years: A Structured Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0206-0395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souhail","family":"Bchini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit (UR22JS01) \u201cSport Sciences, Health and Movement\u201d, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia"},{"name":"Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of La Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhouha","family":"Moussaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar Said, University of La Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8263-4944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abedelmalek Kalefh","family":"Tabnjh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anissa","family":"Bouassida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit (UR22JS01) \u201cSport Sciences, Health and Movement\u201d, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5256-2887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadhir","family":"Hammami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit (UR22JS01) \u201cSport Sciences, Health and Movement\u201d, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9848-7958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma Hilal","family":"Yagin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya 44210, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803774","article-title":"Physical Fitness in Childhood and Adolescence: A Powerful Marker of Health","volume":"32","author":"Ortega","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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