{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T01:33:04Z","timestamp":1787880784427,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]],"date-time":"2018-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Youth who experience homelessness have worse health and well-being than housed youth. Internal assets, including social competency and positive self-identity, are factors that promote healthy development. This study compared internal assets between homeless and housed youth, and examined whether connectedness with parents moderates the association between homelessness and internal assets. Using data from a large population-based survey of middle- and high-school aged youth, we found that homelessness was associated with lower levels of internal assets. However, having high connectedness with a parent significantly predicted the strength of these assets, suggesting opportunities to promote health equity among homeless youth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children5070096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]],"date-time":"2018-07-16T11:38:50Z","timestamp":1531741130000},"page":"96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Adolescent Connectedness with Parents Promotes Resilience among Homeless Youth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Kristen M. Aggerbeck","family":"Kessler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debanjana","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Shlafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9205-5046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bassuk, E.L.M., DeCandia, C.J., Beach, C.A., and Berman, F. (2014). America\u2019s Youngest Outcasts: A Report Card on Child Homelessness, The National Center on Family Homelessness at American Institutes for Research."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409000273","article-title":"Academic achievement of homeless and highly mobile children in an urban school district: Longitudinal evidence on risk, growth, and resilience","volume":"21","author":"Long","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.61.2.335","article-title":"Children in homeless families: Risks to mental health and development","volume":"61","author":"Masten","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12013","article-title":"Academic achievement trajectories of homeless and highly mobile students: Resilience in the context of chronic and acute risk","volume":"84","author":"Cutuli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.35.1.246","article-title":"Homelessness and its relation to the mental health and behavior of low-income school-age children","volume":"35","author":"Buckner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764207311984","article-title":"Understanding the impact of homeless on children: Challenges and future research directions","volume":"51","author":"Buckner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0645","article-title":"Providing care for children and adolescents facing homelessness and housing insecurity","volume":"131","author":"Briggs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.3.554","article-title":"Determinants of health and service use patterns in homeless and low-income housed children","volume":"102","author":"Weinreb","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2014.0099","article-title":"Asthma and adaptive functioning among homeless kindergarten-aged children in emergency housing","volume":"25","author":"Cutuli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-011-0270-1","article-title":"The mental and physical health of homeless youth\u202f: A literature review","volume":"43","author":"Edidin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Center on the Developing Child (2017, April 01). Brain Architecture. Available online: http:\/\/developingchild.harvard.edu\/science\/key-concepts\/brain-architecture\/."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-2663","article-title":"The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic ttress","volume":"129","author":"Shonkoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-014-9868-7","article-title":"Trauma, adversity, and parent-child relationships among young children experiencing homelessness","volume":"42","author":"Herbers","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Child Psychol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2009.09.004","article-title":"Effortful control and adaptive functioning of homeless children: Variable-focused and person-focused analyses","volume":"31","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579411000198","article-title":"Resilience in children threatened by extreme adversity: Frameworks for research, practice, and translational synergy","volume":"23","author":"Masten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.1999.tb07219.x","article-title":"Reducing risks and building developmental assets: essential actions for promoting adolescent health","volume":"69","author":"Scales","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Sch. Health"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386492-5.00008-7","article-title":"The contribution of the developmental assets framework to positive youth development theory and practice","volume":"41","author":"Benson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Child Dev. Behav."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2005.09.001","article-title":"The role of developmental assets in predicting academic achievement: A longitudinal study","volume":"29","author":"Scales","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"DiClemente, R.J., Santelli, J.S., and Crosby, R.A. (2009). Adolescent Health: Understanding and Preventing Risk Behaviors, Jossey-Bass, A Wiley Imprint. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"47","article-title":"Connectedness within social contexts: The relation to adolescent health","volume":"2","author":"Yugo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Healthc. Policy"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550100049038","article-title":"Protecting adolescents from harm. Findings from the national longitudinal study on adolescent health","volume":"278","author":"Resnick","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1993.tb02257.x","article-title":"The impact of caring and connectedness on adolescent health and well-being","volume":"29","author":"Resnick","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.3.485","article-title":"Adolescent suicide attempts\u202f: Risks and protectors","volume":"107","author":"Borowsky","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2006.04.024","article-title":"Suicidality among gay, lesbian and bisexual youth: The role of protective factors","volume":"39","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4405(96)00032-5","article-title":"Educational risks for children experiencing homelessness","volume":"35","author":"Masten","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Sch. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Blum, R.W., and Rinehart, P.M. (1997). Reducing the Risk: Connections That Make a Difference in the Lives of Youth, Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Minnesota."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2012.10.018","article-title":"Beyond a bed: Support for positive development for youth residing in emergency shelters","volume":"35","author":"Heinze","year":"2013","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Minnesota Department of Education (2017, April 01). Minnesota Student Survey, Available online: education.state.mn.us\/MDE\/dse\/health\/mss\/index.htm."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Search Institute (2005). User Guide for The Developmental Assets Profile, Search Institute."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Teens talking with their partners about sex: The role of parent communication","volume":"8","author":"Hicks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Sex. Educ."}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/5\/7\/96\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:12:21Z","timestamp":1760195541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/5\/7\/96"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["children5070096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children5070096","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]]}}}