{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:03:27Z","timestamp":1760241807696,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We sought to compare the effectiveness of two versus five fingers used for bag-valve-mask (BVM) ventilation on effective tidal volume (VTeff) delivery in an infant resuscitation model. In a randomised cross-over study, 40 healthcare professionals ventilated a modified leak-free infant resuscitation manikin with both two and five fingers, using a self-inflating bag. The delivered and effective tidal volumes, ventilation rate, and mask leak were measured and recorded using a respiratory function monitor. We found no significant differences in the VTeff (five-finger 61.7 \u00b1 23.9 vs. two-finger 58.8 \u00b1 16.6 mL; p = 0.35) or ventilatory minute volume (2.71 \u00b1 1.59 vs. 2.76 \u00b1 1.24 L\/min; p = 0.40) of both BVM ventilation techniques. However, there was an increase in the delivered tidal volume (VTdel) and mask leak when using the five-finger technique compared with the two-finger technique (VTdel 96.1 \u00b1 19.4 vs. 87.7 \u00b1 15.5 mL; p &lt; 0.01; and mask leak 34.6 \u00b1 23.0 vs. 30.0 \u00b1 21.0%; p = 0.02). Although the five-finger technique was associated with an increased mask leak, the number of fingers used during the BVM ventilation had no effect on VTeff in an infant resuscitation model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children5100132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T11:00:25Z","timestamp":1537527625000},"page":"132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Does the Number of Fingers on the Bag Influence Volume Delivery? A Randomized Model Study of Bag-Valve-Mask Ventilation in Infants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7479-7767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Zweiker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Schwaberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria"},{"name":"Medizinercorps Graz, Austrian Red Cross Federal Association Styria, Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berndt","family":"Urlesberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3932-665X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas P","family":"Mileder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nariae","family":"Baik-Schneditz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Pichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9798-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg M","family":"Schm\u00f6lzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria"},{"name":"Medizinercorps Graz, Austrian Red Cross Federal Association Styria, Graz 8010, Austria"},{"name":"Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Neonatal Research Unit, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5499-3712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard","family":"Schwaberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria"},{"name":"Medizinercorps Graz, Austrian Red Cross Federal Association Styria, Graz 8010, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.2.200","article-title":"A prospective investigation into the epidemiology of in-hospital pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation using the international utstein reporting style","volume":"109","author":"Reis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"289","article-title":"Paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: Epidemiology and outcome","volume":"46","author":"Tham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Singap. 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