{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T01:25:51Z","timestamp":1788830751530,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]],"date-time":"2019-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the description of surgery for patent ductus arteriosus in late 1930s, an innumerable number of advances have taken place in the management of congenital heart defects (CHDs). In this review the current status of treatment of seven of the most common acyanotic CHDs was reviewed. The discussion included indications for, and timing of, intervention and methods of intervention. The indications are, by and large, determined by the severity of the lesion. Pressure gradients in obstructive lesions and the magnitude of the shunt in left-to-right shunt lesions are used to assess the severity of the lesion. The timing of intervention is different for each lesion and largely dependent upon when the criteria for indications for intervention were met. Appropriate medical management is necessary in most patients. Trans-catheter methods are preferable in some defects while surgery is a better option in some other defects. The currently available medical, trans-catheter, and surgical methods to treat acyanotic CHD are feasible, safe, and effective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children6030042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]],"date-time":"2019-03-08T11:21:59Z","timestamp":1552044119000},"page":"42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Management of Congenital Heart Disease: State of the Art; Part I\u2014ACYANOTIC Heart Defects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6382-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. Syamasundar","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McGovern Medical School, University of Texas-Houston, Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, \r\nHouston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1939.02800080049011","article-title":"Surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus: A report of first successful case","volume":"112","author":"Gross","year":"1939","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Gibson, S.G. (1945). Cardiovascular system. Brenneman\u2019s Practice of Pediatrics, WF Prior Company."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Taussig, H.B. (1947). 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