{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:07:44Z","timestamp":1789578464462,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,20]],"date-time":"2020-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) is defined as an invasive infection that occurs in the first 72 h of life. The incidence of EOS varies from 0.5\u20132% live births in developed countries, up to 9.8% live births in low resource settings, generating a high mortality rate, especially in extremely low birth weight neonates. Clinical signs are nonspecific, leading to a late diagnosis and high mortality. Currently, there are several markers used for sepsis evaluation, such as hematological indices, acute phase reactants, cytokines, which by themselves do not show acceptable sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of EOS in neonates. Newer and more selective markers have surfaced recently, such as presepsin and endocan, but they are currently only in the experimental research stages. This comprehensive review article is based on the role of biomarkers currently in use or in the research phase from a basic, translational, and clinical viewpoint that helps us to improve the quality of neonatal early-onset sepsis diagnosis and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children7120309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,20]],"date-time":"2020-12-20T22:33:53Z","timestamp":1608503633000},"page":"309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Relevance of Biomarkers Currently in Use or Research for Practical Diagnosis Approach of Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0694-9028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maura-Adelina","family":"Hincu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mother and Child Care, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universit\u0103\u021bii Street, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7206-4586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela-Ildiko","family":"Zonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mother and Child Care, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universit\u0103\u021bii Street, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cCuza-Vod\u0103\u201d Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 34 Cuza-Vod\u0103 Street, 700038 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4440-9628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Dumitrita","family":"Stanciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universit\u0103\u021bii Street, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2345-1077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragos","family":"Nemescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mother and Child Care, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universit\u0103\u021bii Street, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cCuza-Vod\u0103\u201d Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 34 Cuza-Vod\u0103 Street, 700038 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3850-797X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luminita","family":"Paduraru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mother and Child Care, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universit\u0103\u021bii Street, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cCuza-Vod\u0103\u201d Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 34 Cuza-Vod\u0103 Street, 700038 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F350","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-306193","article-title":"Early onset neonatal sepsis: Diagnostic dilemmas and practical management","volume":"100","author":"Russell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmu079","article-title":"Challenges in the diagnosis and management of neonatal sepsis","volume":"61","author":"Ochoa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Trop. 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