{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T01:35:05Z","timestamp":1781832905659,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The primary aim was to describe patient-reported morbidity from neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction in a cohort of children with spina bifida. The secondary aim was to describe the overall surgical burden in these children. Methods: Children with meningocele or myelomeningocele, born between 2000\u20132016, and followed by a tertiary spina bifida center were evaluated in a cross-sectional cohort study using data from charts and a prospective national follow-up program. Results: In the group of 62 patients, clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) was used by 47 (76%) of the patients, and anticholinergic treatment was used by 36 (58%). More than one third of the patients reported inadequate results with daily urinary leakage. Laxatives and enema were used regularly by 45 (73%) and 39 (63%) patients, respectively. Inadequate results were reported by seven (11%) patients. One or more urogenital or gastrointestinal operations had been performed in 26 (42%) patients, with a total of 109 procedures overall. Conclusions: Despite substantial bowel and bladder management, a significant portion of children suffered from inadequate results concerning bladder and bowel control. Many surgeries were performed in a defined group of the children. Prospective, long-term studies can evaluate if more aggressive medical and\/or surgical management could increase bowel and bladder control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children8030209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T13:27:20Z","timestamp":1615382840000},"page":"209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Patient-Reported Outcomes of Bladder and Bowel Control in Children with Spina Bifida"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2497-8647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Tr\u00e4ff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"B\u00f6rjesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Sal\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302902","article-title":"Global Birth Prevalence of Spina Bifida by Folic Acid Fortification Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"106","author":"Atta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000892","article-title":"Bowel Dysfunction Related to Spina Bifida: Keep It Simple","volume":"60","author":"Brochard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dis. Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/00042307-200211000-00006","article-title":"Renal function in meningomyelocele: Risk factors, chronic renal failure, renal replacement therapy and transplantation","volume":"12","author":"Arbeiter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Urol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.03.107","article-title":"Update on Urological Management of Spina Bifida from Prenatal Diagnosis to Adulthood","volume":"194","author":"Yerkes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03543.x","article-title":"Expectation of life and unexpected death in open spina bifida: A 40-year complete, non-selective, longitudinal cohort study","volume":"52","author":"Oakeshott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"13","article-title":"Paediatric spina bifida inpatient treatment at Wellington regional hospital: A cost analysis of sequential patients","volume":"125","author":"Bowkett","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Z. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"MMCUP (2019, January 10). Swedish Quality Register for Spinal Dysraphism and Hydrocephalus. Available online: http:\/\/mmcup.se\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/180916-\u00c5rsrapport-MMCUP-2017-2018.pdf."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.00153.x","article-title":"Medical problems in adolescents with myelomeningocele (MMC): An inventory of the Swedish MMC population born during 1986\u20131989","volume":"96","author":"Olsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13095","article-title":"The effectiveness of bowel and bladder interventions in children with spina bifida","volume":"58","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.70.2.107","article-title":"Continence in patients with spina bifida: Long term results","volume":"70","author":"Malone","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.01.027","article-title":"The Validity and Reliability of the Neurogenic Bladder Symptom Score","volume":"192","author":"Welk","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"22","article-title":"Patient reported outcome measures in neurogenic bladder","volume":"5","author":"Clark","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Androl. Urol."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"369","article-title":"Tap-water enema for children with myelomeningocele and neurogenic bowel dysfunction","volume":"95","author":"Mattsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1991.tb14827.x","article-title":"Bowel and Bladder Control of Children with Myelomeningocele: A Nordic Study","volume":"33","author":"Lie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"81","article-title":"Bowel function in Danish children with myelomeningocele","volume":"109","author":"Krogh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Apmis. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101705","article-title":"High prevalence of incontinence among young adults with spina bifida: Description, prediction and problem perception","volume":"43","author":"Verhoef","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"}],"container-title":["Children"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/8\/3\/209\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:33:36Z","timestamp":1760160816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9067\/8\/3\/209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["children8030209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children8030209","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]}}}