{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:58:09Z","timestamp":1780387089302,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bleeding from ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) represents the most prevalent cause of pediatric intracranial hemorrhage, being also the most common initial bAVM manifestation. A therapeutic approach in these patients should aim at preventing rebleeding and associated significant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes of pediatric patients who initially presented at our institution with ruptured bAVMs and to review our experience with a multimodality approach in the management of pediatric ruptured bAVMs. We retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients\u2019 medical records with ruptured bAVMs who underwent interventional treatment (microsurgery, embolization, or radiosurgery; solely or in combination) at our institution between 2011 and 2020. We identified 22 patients. There was no intraoperative and postoperative intervention-related mortality. Neither procedure-related complications nor rebleeding were observed after interventional treatment. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) assessment at discharge revealed 19 patients (86.4%) with favorable outcomes (mRS 0\u20132) and 3 patients (13.6%) classified as disabled (mRS 3). Microsurgery ensured the complete obliteration in all patients whose postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was available. Management of high-grade bAVMs with radiosurgery or embolization can provide satisfactory outcomes without a high disability risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children8030215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T20:17:40Z","timestamp":1615493860000},"page":"215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Multimodal Treatment of Pediatric Ruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: A Single-Center Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0145-4680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukasz","family":"Antkowiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Putz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5848-9564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Rogalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2141-7932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Mandera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200204000-00007","article-title":"Surgical approaches to vascular anomalies of the child\u2019s brain","volume":"15","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. 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