{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:45:54Z","timestamp":1760402754149,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of the present research was to quantify the association between dental caries self-report and socioeconomic indicators in Mexican children. An ecological study included a self-report of dental caries in schoolchildren enrolled in public elementary and middle schools derived from the National School Health Survey. A total of 73,560 schoolchildren (representing 19,745,366 students) aged 5 to 16 years were included. Socioeconomic variables included were scales depicting physical characteristics of housing, purchasing power, etc. used in national surveys in Mexico to measure deprivation, poverty, and income inequality in official data. Data were analyzed in Stata using Spearman\u2019s correlation test. For the most part, no association (p &gt; 0.05) was found between caries self-report, socioeconomic variables, or the Gini index. However, caries self-report in elementary schoolchildren and total (elementary + middle-school) schoolchildren groups was positively correlated (p &lt; 0.05) with two poverty variables: extreme poverty by income (value of personal food purchases per month) and poverty by income (value of personal food and non-food purchases per month). National data for dental caries self-report were associated\u2014at the ecological level\u2014with a few socioeconomic indicators but not with most of the usual and customary indicators used in national surveys in Mexico.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children8040289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T10:34:39Z","timestamp":1617878079000},"page":"289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Self-Reported Dental Caries by Mexican Elementary and Middle-School Schoolchildren in the Context of Socioeconomic Indicators: A National Ecological Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Juan Fernando","family":"Casanova-Rosado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche 24039, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro Jos\u00e9","family":"Casanova-Rosado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche 24039, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirna","family":"Minaya-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche 24039, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Alejandro","family":"Casanova-Sarmiento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche 24039, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Robles-Minaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche 24039, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"M\u00e1rquez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca 42160, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Mora-Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca 42160, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosalina","family":"Islas-Zaraz\u00faa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca 42160, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda de Lourdes","family":"M\u00e1rquez-Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca 42160, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8292-7103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leticia","family":"\u00c1vila-Burgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Systems Research Center, the National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1410-9491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo Eduardo","family":"Medina-Sol\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca 42160, Mexico"},{"name":"Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry \u201cKeisaburo Miyata\u201d, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of State of Mexico, Toluca 50000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3590-0864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Maupom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University\/Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"},{"name":"Indiana University Network Science Institute, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GBD 2017 Oral Disorders Collaborators, Bernabe, E., Marcenes, W., Hernandez, C.R., Bailey, J., Abreu, L.G., Alipour, V., Amini, S., Arabloo, J., and Arefi, Z. (2020). Global, Regional, and National Levels and Trends in Burden of Oral Conditions from 1990 to 2017, A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study. J. Dent. 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