{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T16:00:11Z","timestamp":1792425611505,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common in children worldwide. Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) increase the risk of UTI and consequently antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance represents an important public health issue worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the local trend in terms of bacterial uropathogen resistance in the western part of Romania in children with CAKUT and UTI. Methods: 252 children with CAKUT were admitted to our hospital over a five-year period. Of them, 91 developed at least one UTI episode, with a total number of 260 positive urine cultures. We collected data about age at diagnosis of CAKUT, sex, origin environment, type and side of CAKUT, number of UTIs, type of uropathogen, and uropathogens antibiotic resistance. Results: Distribution of uropathogens was Escherichia coli (38.84%), Klebsiella spp. (21.15%), Enterococcus spp. (15.76%), Proteus spp. (8.07%), Pseudomonas spp. (8.07%), Enterobacter spp. (2.3%), other Gram-negative bacteria (2.3%), and other Gram-positive bacteria (3.45%). High antibiotic resistance was detected for ampicillin, amoxicillin, and second-generation cephalosporins. Escherichia coli presented high resistance for cefepime and ceftriaxone. Pseudomonas spp. remained susceptible to amikacin, quinolones, and colistin. Vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, and piperacillin\/tazobactam remained effective in treating Gram-positive UTI. Conclusions: High antibiotic resistance was identified for frequently used antibiotics. Lower antibiotic resistance was observed for some broad-spectrum antibiotics. Understanding uropathogens\u2019 antibiotic resistance is important in creating treatment recommendations, based on international guidelines, local resistance patterns, and patient particularities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children8070585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T10:42:17Z","timestamp":1625740937000},"page":"585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Uropathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infections in Children with Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1478-9797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raluca","family":"Isac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IIIrd Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timi\u0219oara, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Hospital for Children \u201cLouis Turcanu\u201d, 300011 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4599-0912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana-Georgiana","family":"Basaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Hospital for Children \u201cLouis Turcanu\u201d, 300011 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana-Cristina","family":"Olariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IIIrd Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timi\u0219oara, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Hospital for Children \u201cLouis Turcanu\u201d, 300011 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramona F.","family":"Stroescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Hospital for Children \u201cLouis Turcanu\u201d, 300011 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Ist Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timi\u0219oara, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6831-4776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrada-Mara","family":"Ardelean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IIIrd Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timi\u0219oara, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Hospital for Children \u201cLouis Turcanu\u201d, 300011 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruxandra M.","family":"Steflea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IIIrd Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timi\u0219oara, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Hospital for Children \u201cLouis Turcanu\u201d, 300011 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai","family":"Gafencu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IIIrd Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timi\u0219oara, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Hospital for Children \u201cLouis Turcanu\u201d, 300011 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7554-4625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adela","family":"Chirita-Emandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Hospital for Children \u201cLouis Turcanu\u201d, 300011 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Microscopic Morphology, Genetics Discipline, Center of Genomic Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3099-8249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iulia Cristina","family":"Bagiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance (MULTI-REZ), Microbiology Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6133-0204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin George","family":"Horhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance (MULTI-REZ), Microbiology Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan-Dumitru","family":"Vulcanescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Hospital for Children \u201cLouis Turcanu\u201d, 300011 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7171-2409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Ionescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education and Sports Department, Polytechnic University, 300223 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Doros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IIIrd Pediatric Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timi\u0219oara, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Hospital for Children \u201cLouis Turcanu\u201d, 300011 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1264-4","article-title":"Characterisation of uropathogenic Escherichia coli from children with urinary tract infection in different countries","volume":"30","author":"Ramos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. 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