{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:12:55Z","timestamp":1760235175181,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery","award":["204328\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["204328\/20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adulthood. No studies have examined the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI)\u2014that enhances the risk of later CKD\u2014and renal tubular damage (RTD)\u2014that can evolve to AKI\u2014in children with onset of T2DM. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and possible features of AKI and RTD in a prospectively enrolled population of children with onset of T2DM. We consecutively enrolled 10 children aged 12.9 \u00b1 2.3 years with newly diagnosed T2DM. AKI was defined according to the KDIGO criteria. RTD was defined by abnormal urinary beta-2-microglobulin and\/or tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP) &lt;85% and\/or fractional excretion of Na &gt;2%. None of the patients developed AKI, whereas 3\/10 developed RTD with high beta-2-microglobulin levels (range: 0.6\u20131.06 mg\/L). One of these three patients also presented with reduced TRP levels (TRP = 70%). Proteinuria was observed in two out of three patients with RTD, while none of patients without RTD had proteinuria. Patients with RTD presented higher beta-2-microglobulin, acute creatinine\/estimated basal creatinine ratio, and serum ketones levels compared with patients without RTD. In conclusion, in our pilot observation, we found that none of the 10 children with T2DM onset developed AKI, whereas three of them developed RTD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children8080627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,25]],"date-time":"2021-07-25T22:06:21Z","timestamp":1627250781000},"page":"627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Renal Involvement in Children with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Onset: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4682-0170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Marzuillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 801138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5877-3757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Di Sessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 801138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pier Luigi","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 801138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5570-6620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina Rosaria","family":"Umano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 801138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Polito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 801138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Iafusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 801138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Guarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 801138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Miraglia del Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 801138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"146","article-title":"Diabetes in childhood and adolescence\u2014A guideline-based approach to diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up","volume":"115","author":"Ziegler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dtsch. 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