{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T17:38:02Z","timestamp":1782236282928,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parents who have infants hospitalised in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) experience high levels of stress, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, whether sounds contribute to parents\u2019 stress remains largely unknown. Critically, researchers lack a comprehensive instrument to investigate the relationship between sounds in NICUs and parental stress. To address this gap, this report presents the \u201cSoundscape of NICU Questionnaire\u201d (SON-Q), which was developed specifically to capture parents\u2019 perceptions and beliefs about the impact that sound had on them and their infants, from pre-birth throughout the NICU stay and in the first postdischarge period. Parents of children born preterm (n = 386) completed the SON-Q and the Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire (PPQ). Principal Component Analysis identifying underlying dimensions comprising the parental experience of the NICU soundscape was followed by an exploration of the relationships between subscales of the SON-Q and the PPQ. Moderation analysis was carried out to further elucidate relationships between variables. Finally, thematic analysis was employed to analyse one memory of sounds in NICU open question. The results highlight systematic associations between aspects of the NICU soundscape and parental stress\/trauma. The findings underscore the importance of developing specific studies in this area and devising interventions to best support parents\u2019 mental health, which could in turn support infants\u2019 developmental outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children8080644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T12:18:31Z","timestamp":1627388311000},"page":"644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Soundscape of Neonatal Intensive Care: A Mixed-Methods Study of the Parents\u2019 Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Chifa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1765-0360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamar","family":"Hadar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Expressive Therapies, Graduate School of Arts & Social Sciences, Lesley University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Politimou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Education, University College London, London WC1H 0AA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2893-6380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1327-1080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabia","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2009.01412.x","article-title":"The tuning of human neonates\u2019 preference for speech","volume":"81","author":"Vouloumanos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chil. 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