{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T21:43:59Z","timestamp":1778190239416,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Disorders of the peripheral nerves can be caused by a broad spectrum of acquired or hereditary aetiologies. The objective of these practice guidelines is to provide the reader with information about the differential diagnostic workup for a target-oriented diagnosis. Following an initiative of the German-speaking Society of Neuropaediatrics, delegates from 10 German societies dedicated to neuroscience worked in close co-operation to write this guideline. Applying the Delphi methodology, the authors carried out a formal consensus process to develop practice recommendations. These covered the important diagnostic steps both for acquired neuropathies (traumatic, infectious, inflammatory) and the spectrum of hereditary Charcot\u2013Marie\u2013Tooth (CMT) diseases. Some of our most important recommendations are that: (i) The indication for further diagnostics must be based on the patient\u2019s history and clinical findings; (ii) Potential toxic neuropathy also has to be considered; (iii) For focal and regional neuropathies of unknown aetiology, nerve sonography and MRI should be performed; and (iv) For demyelinated hereditary neuropathy, genetic diagnostics should first address PMP22 gene deletion: once that has been excluded, massive parallel sequencing including an analysis of relevant CMT-genes should be performed. This article contains a short version of the guidelines. The full-length text (in German) can be found at the Website of the \u201cArbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e.V. (AWMF), Germany.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children8080687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T09:03:53Z","timestamp":1628499833000},"page":"687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Differential Diagnosis of Acquired and Hereditary Neuropathies in Children and Adolescents\u2014Consensus-Based Practice Guidelines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4638-3460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rudolf","family":"Korinthenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuropaediatrics and Muscular Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center (UMC), University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6031-8537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina","family":"Trollmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neuropaediatrics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3203-1325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Plecko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0906-8816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg M.","family":"Stettner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Center Zurich, Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children\u2019s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5595-0981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Blankenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Olgahospital, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Weis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2757-8131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikt","family":"Schoser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Ziemssenstr. 1a, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"M\u00fcller-Felber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropaediatrics, UMC, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9054-1377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Lochbuehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Radiology, Institute of Radiology, Olgahospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiological Diagnostics, UMC, University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Rudnik-Sch\u00f6neborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF)\u2013St\u00e4ndige Kommission Leitlinien (2020, December 20). 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