{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T22:44:06Z","timestamp":1789512246206,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011892","name":"Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG8F0711 and CMRPG8G0991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG8F0711 and CMRPG8G0991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011892","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Children"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Advanced neonatal care has increased the survival of neonates born prematurely, and prematurity is a well-known risk factor for asthma\/wheezing disorders. Thus, this prospective study aimed to determine the early life factors associated with preschool wheezing in premature neonates. Preterm neonates born between 2012 and 2017 were recruited, excluding those with bacterial infection within 7 days of life, maternal sepsis, and maternal chorioamnionitis. Birth and admission history, comorbidities, and maternal history were documented. Respiratory problems were followed-up at the neonatal outpatient department. Patients were divided into wheezing and non-wheezing groups. Data were analyzed using the Mann\u2013Whitney test and Fisher\u2019s exact test, and multivariable logistic regression was used to define the risk factors of preschool wheezing\/asthma. A total of 125 preterm infants were enrolled, including 19 in the wheezing group and 106 in the non-wheezing group. Patients in the wheezing group had longer duration of intubation (p = 0.025), higher rates for exclusive breast milk feeding (p = 0.012), and higher re-hospitalization rates for respiratory tract infections (p &lt; 0.001), especially for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis (p = 0.045). The incidence of allergic rhinitis was also higher in the wheezing group (p = 0.005). After multivariable logistic regression, allergic rhinitis and re-hospitalization for respiratory tract infections were two significant risk factors for preschool wheezing\/asthma in premature neonates. Close follow-up of premature infants at high risk for asthma susceptibility is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/children8090732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T09:27:57Z","timestamp":1629970077000},"page":"732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Early Life Factors Associated with Preschool Wheezing in Preterm Infants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ying-Lun","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0571-5956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin-Chun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Yu","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Lun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501193320301","article-title":"Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. 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